城市社会冲突的产生逻辑:结构条件、动员机制与互动过程——以X市通道纠纷事件为例

How Conflict Outbreaks in City:Structural Conditions,Mobilization Mechanism and Interaction Process

本文以X市一起通道纠纷事件为个案,利用"结构—机制—互动"的综合分析框架,通过对个案事件发生过程的分析,尝试得到对城市社会冲突产生逻辑的基本认识。研究发现,不同阶层人群居住空间的邻近性强化了弱势一方的相对剥夺感,社会结构地位的差异不仅带来双方不同的政治机会,而且对于各方的集体行动策略亦有影响;居民的动员机制一定程度上嵌入于社区之中,动迁小区的空间特性和社区社会资本存量为少数骨干的有效动员提供了条件,商品房小区的业主则主要基于互联网构建松散的组织网络。结构条件与动员机制形塑了不同的行动逻辑,相对来说,社会地位较低、相对剥夺感较强、依靠空间聚集和骨干群体动员起来的集体行动者更可能采取过激行动。在双方互动过程中,一方的过激行动引发了相对理性一方的激烈反应,伴随着认知转变、情感强化、组织化程度提升与行动策略转变,在双方都采取过激行动的情况下导致暴力冲突的产生。

Based on analysis on a conflict case about a lane between two communities in X city,this article builds a multi-perspective framework to find the basic logic that how a city conflict outbreaks.It finds that lower class’relative deprivation is strengthened when they live near higher class.Their different social status not only brings different political opportunities,but also affects their strategies of collective action.Residents’mobilization mechanism is partly embedded in community’s circumstances,which means characters of relocated community’s spatial structure and social capital provide preconditions for a few activists to mobilize effectively,while householders in commercial housings community mainly build up a loose organizational network based on internet.Relatively,it’s more possible for collective actors who have lower social status and stronger relative deprivation to act radically when they are mobilized by space mechanism and activists group.During interactions between both sides,one actor’s radical behavior causes another one’s fiery reaction,along with the changes of cognition,emotion,organization and struggle strategy.When both sides begin their radical action,violent conflict outbreaks then.