地下水潜在污染源危害性评价方法研究

Risk Assessment of Potential Pollution Sources of Groundwater

地下水污染源危害性评价对地下水资源保护及地下水污染防控区划具有重要意义,然而现有区域尺度地下水污染源荷载危害性评价弱化了点源污染复合强度对地下水的影响.因此,为更准确地进行区域地下水潜在污染源危害性评价,引入污染复合强度要素.选取工业源、农业源、生活源、地表排污河、垃圾场和加油站为研究对象,构建以污染源种类、污染物排放量、污染源释放可能性、缓冲区半径和污染复合强度为指标的综合评价模型,采用层次分析法确定各类污染源权重,基于ArcGIS 10.2软件对沧州市进行地下水综合潜在污染源荷载危害性评价.结果表明:Ⅳ、Ⅴ级风险区面积为5560.0 km^2,占总面积的41.6%,主要位于沧州市中部、北部地区,其危害性受工业源影响最大;Ⅰ、Ⅱ级风险区面积为3303.4 km^2,占总面积的25.2%,主要位于沧州市东部地区.研究显示,该评价方法强化了点源污染复合强度对地下水危害性的影响,可为区域地下水潜在污染源危害性评价提供参考,对地下水资源保护及污染防控区划具有重要意义.

The risk assessment of groundwater pollution sources plays an important role in groundwater protection,the divisions of pollution prevention and control areas.However,existing methods underestimate the potential risk of combined pollution of groundwater from point sources.In order to evaluate the potential risk of regional groundwater more accurately,the pollution composite strength factor was investigated in this study.Taking industrial pollution sources,agricultural pollution sources,surface blowdown river,garbage dumps and gas stations as the research objects,a comprehensive evaluation model was established to estimate the type of pollution source,the amount of pollutant produced,the possibility of pollution source discharge,buffer radius and composite pollution intensity.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the weight of various pollution sources.The load harmfulness of groundwater in Cangzhou City was evaluated using ArcGIS 10.2.The results showed that the area of levelⅣandⅤrisk covered was 5560.0 km^2,accounting for 41.6%of the total area,and was located in the central and northern of Cangzhou City.It was most affected by industrial pollution sources.The area levelⅠandⅡrisk was 3303.4 km^2,accounting for 25.2%of the total area,and it was concentrated in the eastern part of Cangzhou City.The research showed that the composite pollution intensity of point source pollution on groundwater hazard could be strengthened by this method,which could provide reference for the hazard assessment of regional groundwater potential pollution sources,and was of great significance for groundwater resource protection and pollution prevention and control zoning.