垃圾模拟填埋过程中典型含多溴联苯醚废物污染释放规律

Release Characteristics of PBDEs from Typical Waste Containing Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Landfill Simulation

为探索垃圾模拟填埋过程中PBDEs(多溴联苯醚)的污染释放规律,选取填埋场中典型的含PBDEs废物为研究对象,以填埋场渗滤液为浸提剂进行浸出试验,模拟垃圾填埋场处置场景下不同时间、温度和表面活性剂(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)浓度对不同废物(PP-R管材、PE-RT管材、PVC管材、PP塑料板凳、HDPE洗护用品瓶、PP洗衣机、PS电视机和阻燃ABS)中PBDEs释放的影响;采用液液萃取法提取浸出液中的PBDEs,采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)对21种PBDEs同系物进行定性、定量检测.结果表明:①在浸出120 d内,每种废物中PBDEs的浸出量随时间的延长均逐渐增加,二者呈良好的线性关系,其中BDE209的浸出量远高于其他同系物,最高可达浸出总量的95.2%.②不同废物随温度的变化情况存在差异,其中PP-R、PE-RT管材中PBDEs浸出量随温度的升高而逐渐增加.③由于不同废物对表面活性剂的最适浓度存在差异,致使其浸出规律也存在差异,一定浓度范围内的表面活性剂可能对PBDEs的释放有促进作用,其中以PS电视机中PBDEs的浸出量为最高,为136553 pg/mL;以PVC管材中PBDEs的浸出量为最低,仅为1590 pg/mL.研究显示,含PBDEs的生活垃圾在渗滤液作用下的污染释放较为严重,应加强管控.

In order to explore the release of PBDEs(polybrominated diphenyl ethers)in landfill simulations,typical waste containing PBDEs in landfill was selected as the research object,and leaching experiment was carried out by taking the leachate as the extractant at the landfill site.This study aimed to find the release characteristics of PBDEs from different wastes(PP-R pipe,PE-RT pipe,PVC pipe,PP plastic bench,HDPE toiletries bottle,PP washing machine,PS TV and flame retardant ABS)at different time,temperature and surfactant concentrations(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate)in a landfill disposal scenario.The PBDEs in the leachate were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction,and the concentrations of 21 PBDEs homologs were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The results showed that:(1)The total leaching amount of each waste gradually increased in the first 120 days and showed a good linear relationship.Among them,the leaching amount of BDE209 was much higher than other homologues,accounting for 95.2%of the total leaching amount.(2)The leaching conditions of different wastes at different temperatures were different.The leaching amount of PP-R pipe and PE-RT pipe increased gradually with the rising temperature.(3)Different optimum concentrations of surfactants also showed different leaching rules of PBDEs.The surfactant may promote the release of PBDEs with PS TV set showing the highest leaching amount of 136,553 pg/mL and PVC pipe showing the lowest leaching amount of 1,590 pg/mL.These results show that there is serious release of PBDEs in the domestic waste containing PBDEs under the action of leachate,which should be monitored and controlled.