豆粕影响日本鳗鲡黑仔鳗饲料中发酵豆粕对鱼粉的替代效果:生长、抗氧化能力以及生化指标

Effects of soybean meal on fermented soybean meal partially replacing fish meal in the feed of Anguilla japonica:Growth performance,antioxidant capacity and biochemical indices

为研究日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)黑仔鳗饲料中发酵豆粕对鱼粉的替代效果及豆粕的可能作用,设置5组实验饲料:以含有60%鱼粉和5%豆粕的T0组为对照组,分别使用10%(T10组)和20%(T20组)的发酵豆粕替代对照组中鱼粉的11.6%和23.3%,并在此基础上再分别用4.5%的发酵豆粕替代T10组和T20组中全部的豆粕设置成T 14.5组和T24.5组。在水泥池的网箱中饲养初始体质量为(0.405±0.003)g的日本鳗鲡黑仔鳗76 d。结果显示:5%豆粕含量不变的条件下,随着发酵豆粕使用量的增加,特定生长率、增重率和存活率逐渐升高;发酵豆粕替代豆粕后,T10组特定生长率、增重率和存活率显著高于T14.5组(P<0.05),T20组特定生长率、增重率和存活率高于T24.5组但差异不显著(P>0.05)。随着发酵豆粕使用量的增加,日本鳗鲡黑仔鳗肌肉的粗蛋白含量呈现先减少后增加的趋势,粗脂肪则相反。试验组血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量均低于对照组,总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)活性除T14.5组外均显著高于对照组;T10组MDA含量显著低于T14.5组。随着发酵豆粕使用量的增加,肝脏中的T-AOC、总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈现逐渐上升的趋势,MDA含量则相反,ALT、AST活性呈先上升后下降的趋势。血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)和球蛋白(GLB)含量随发酵豆粕用量增加而增加;在鱼粉用量相同时,含有5%豆粕比不含豆粕的试验组有更高的血清TP以及GLB含量。以上结果表明:饲料中用发酵豆粕替代鱼粉可以提高日本鳗鲡黑仔鳗的生长性能、血清和肝脏抗氧化能力及肝功能,且最佳用量为20%;豆粕影响发酵豆粕对鱼粉的替代效果,含5%的豆粕比不含豆粕有更好的替代效果,但效果因发酵豆粕用量而异。

This study intended to explore the effectiveness of fermented soybean meal(FSBM)replacing fish meal(FM)and possible effects of soybean meal(SBM)in the feed of Anguilla japonica black fry.Five trial diets were prepared,the diet containing 60%fish meal and 5%soybean meal inclusion(T0)was treated as the control group,and diet with 11.6%and 23.3%of FM in T0 replaced by 10%(T10)and 20%(T20)FSBM were treated as trial diets.On this basis,4.5%of FSBM was used to replace the 100%of SBM in T10 and T20 respectively,which were treated as the other two trial diets T14.5 and T24.5.Fish with initial average body weight of(0.405±0.003)g were cultured with above diets for 76 days.Results showed that under the conditon of 5%soybean meal,with the increase of FSBM,the specific growth rate,weight gain rate and survival rate increased gradually.With fermented soybean meal partially replacing fish meal,the specific growth rate,weight gain rate and survival rate of group T10 were significantly higher than that of group T 14.5 while that of group T20 was not significantly higher than that of group T24.5.With the increase of FSBM,the crude protein of muscle decreased first and then increased,and the crude fat was the opposite.In serum,activity of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and malondialdehyde(MDA)content of the trial groups were lower than that of the control group,total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)was significantly higher than that of the control group except group T14.5;MDA content of group T10 was significantly lower than that of group T14.5.With the increase of FSBM,T-AOC,total superoxide disumutase(T-SOD)and catalase(CAT)activity in the liver increased gradually,MDA content was the opposite,activity of ALT and AST had an increasing trend followed by a decreasing trend.There were increased contents of total protein(TP),albumin(ALB)and globulin(GLB)in serum when increasing dietary amount of FSBM;higher value of serum TP and GLB in 5%SBM inclusion group was found compared to that without SBM when with the same amount of FM.Results indicated that FSBM replacing FM in diets could improve the growth performance,antioxidant ability and liver function of Anguilla japonica black fry,and the optimal amount of FSBM was 20%;SBM affected the FSBM replacing fish meal on FM,the diet with 5%SBM had a better alternative effect than that without SBM.However,the effect varied with the amount of FSBM.