当代埃及私营部门与社会阶层结构问题评析

On Private Sector and Social Stratum Structure in the Contemporary Egypt

受制于政府治理能力低下和特权企业垄断市场等因素,当代埃及私营部门内部结构失衡的情况较为严重。非正规部门过于庞大,而中小私营企业的数量和吸纳就业人数占比低,资本规模极小且生产技术落后。由于中小私营企业发展受挫,导致市场转型不佳,进而加剧了社会的二元分化:大商人阶层和上层官僚集团窃取私营部门发展成果;广大中下层难以分享市场化改革的好处,导致生活无法改善,社会地位难以提升。塞西政府在稳定政局后,重启市场化改革,但营商环境并无根本改善,中小私营企业仍未恢复到2011年之前的水平。塞西政府需全面提升治理能力,杜绝裙带主义,抓住"2030年愿景"与"一带一路"倡议对接的契机,大力扶持中小企业发展,走包容性发展和可持续发展相结合之路。

The structural imbalance of the private sector in contemporary Egypt is relatively serious. The informal sector is too large, the number and employment ratio of formal small and medium-sized private enterprises are low. The capital scale is very small and the production technology is backward. The frustrated development of small and medium-sized private sector leads to the poor effect of market-oriented transformation and exacerbates the social dichotomy. The development achievement of private sector has been stolen by Egypt’s large merchant class and upper bureaucracy. It is difficult for the broad middle and lower classes to share the benefits of market reform, and their living conditions and social stratum have not been improved. In the future, the Sisi’s government should comprehensively improve the governance capacity and take the path of inclusive and sustainable development as their only choice.