撒哈拉以南非洲国家去极端化论析

An Analysis of the De-extremization in Sub-Sahara Africa

撒哈拉以南非洲国家的去极端化经历了从社会、政治改造到军事打击,再回归全领域治理的发展过程。冷战时期,这些国家致力于将当时逐渐兴起的伊斯兰极端主义团体纳入本土体制。冷战结束后,这些国家则试图对伊斯兰极端主义团体的政治化转型进程加以规范和控制。"9·11"事件后十年,随着美国反恐战争强力介入撒哈拉以南非洲,该地区的去极端化进程被片面简化为反恐。2010年以后,撒哈拉以南非洲国家重新重视军事手段以外的去极端化方案,引入一系列法律、教育和社会、经济新举措,呈现出全领域去极端化的新态势。在撒哈拉以南非洲国家,全领域的去极端化不排斥在明辨是非、善恶的基础上达成和解并探寻宽恕与妥协的可能,其实践已取得一定成效。

The de-extremization in Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced a development process from non-military reformation to military attack, and then to various-area governance. During the Cold War, Sub-Saharan African states sought to incorporate the emerging Islamic extremism organizations into their domestic institutions. Since "9·11" attacks, with the US "War on Terrorism" heavily involved in Sub-Saharan Africa, the process of de-radicalization in the region has been simplified to counter-terrorism. Since 2010, Sub-Saharan African states have refocused their de-extremization programs beyond military means, introducing a series of new legal, educational and socio-economic initiatives, and showing a trend of de-extremization in the whole field. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the de-extremism in the whole field does not exclude the possibility of reaching reconciliation on the basis of good and evil discrimination and exploring the possibility of forgiveness and compromise. Its practical experience has achieved certain results.