非均质固体炸药冲击起爆与爆轰研究进展

Advances in Shock Initiation and Detonation of Heterogeneous Solid Explosives

综述了非均质固体炸药的冲击起爆机制、宏细观反应流模型、中尺度/跨尺度及连续介质尺度数值模拟和冲击起爆试验及测试技术等研究进展,并总结作者团队近年来在该领域的研究成果;分析了该领域的未来发展趋势,旨在加深对非均质固体炸药冲击起爆爆轰物理机制的认识,为装药安全性研究提供方法和技术手段.指出非均质固体炸药冲击起爆物理响应过程复杂,往往由多种热点机制控制,现有反应速率模型考虑热点机制单一,无法适应冲击起爆过程的高保真计算.现阶段压力相关型反应速率模型虽然在一定范围内适应细观结构的变化,但无法描述复杂加载路径如多次加载和斜波-冲击复合加载下炸药脱敏或敏化、拐角效应死区现象等,而熵或温度相关型反应速率模型可较好地适应复杂加载,但未考虑细观结构响应机制.发展多热点机制耦合作用的、宽适应范围的宏细观反应速率模型是反应流模型的重要方向.快响应高分辨率的细观实验诊断技术一直是爆轰领域的技术难点,中尺度计算是现阶段冲击起爆热点机制研究的主要手段,已初步实现从中尺度到宏观尺度的冲击起爆跨尺度计算,仍是非均质固体炸药冲击起爆与爆轰问题数值模拟发展的重要趋势.附参考文献151篇.

The physical mechanisms of shock initiation,developments of macro-/mesoscopic reaction flow models,numerical simulations at meso-/trans-scale and continuum scale for heterogeneous solid explosives,and shock initiation experiments and measuring technologies were reviewed,some new findings and opinions from authors and team coworkers were summarized,and the future development trend was pointed out to deepen the understanding of the physical mechanism of shock initiation in heterogeneous solid explosives,and provide methods and technical means for charge safety design.As a typical complex dynamic process,the onset of shock initiation of heterogeneous solid explosive is the result of multiple hot-spot formation mechanisms.However,the existing chemical reactive rate models,generally considering some one single hot-spot formation mechanism,are unsuited to the high-fidelity calculation of shock initiation process.Although the pressure-dependent reaction rate model adapts to the changes of mesostructure within certain range,it fails to physically correctly describe the desensitization or sensitization,the corner effected dead-zone phenomenon of explosives under complicated loadings such as the multiple shock-wave loading and ramp-shock combined loading,while the entropy-or temperature-dependent models are suitable for complex loadings,but don t consider the accurate prediction of structural response at meso-scale.Developing the multi-mechanism coupling hot-spot ignition model and the wide-ranging reaction rate model with high accuracy has been an important direction of the reaction flow model.The mesoscopic experimental diagnosis technology with high resolution and fast response has long been a technical difficulty in detonation field,thus the mesoscale modeling is the main method to investigate the shock initiated hot-spot formation mechanisms.The trans-scale modeling of shock initiation from mesocale to macroscale has been preliminarily realized,which is an important trend in the simulation of the shock initiation and detonation of heterogeneous solid explosive.With 151 references.