洞里萨湖水位与面积和容积的关系研究

Correlation of water level and area(volume)of Tonle Sap Lake

洞里萨湖是东南亚最大的且颇具国际影响的淡水湖。基于洞里萨湖湖区不同来源的地形资料,构建了不规则三角网TIN,量算得到不同水位下具有0.1m梯度的洞里萨湖面积和容积。对比分析和水文学法复核结果表明本次构建的洞里萨湖水位与面积和容积的关系是合理的,描绘出了洞里萨湖“低水似湖、高水湖相”的自然景观特点。以洞里萨湖甘邦隆站和出湖控制站波雷格丹站为代表,建立了洞里萨湖水位-面积(容积)关系与实测湖水位的响应关系。结果表明洞里萨湖面积、容积与甘邦隆站水位呈非线性一一对应关系,与波雷格丹站水位成绳套关系,绳套两侧分别对应汛期湄公河向洞里萨湖倒灌和汛后洞里萨湖向湄公河补水。基于河湖关系构建了不同时期不同河湖水位差下的洞里萨湖面积、容积与波雷格丹站水位的相关关系,该精细化的洞里萨湖水位-面积(容积)量算成果可为防汛抗旱精准预报提供科技支撑。

Tonle Sap Lake is the largest and most influential freshwater lake in Southeast Asia.Based on Tonle Sap lake terrain data from multiple sources,the area and volume of Tonle Sap Lake under different water levels with 0.1m gradient are measured by the established irregular triangulation.Through comparative analysis and review by hydrological method,the results show that the built water level-area(volume)correlation is reasonable,and it depicts the natural landscape of Tonle Sap Lake with the characteristics of"lake facies in both low and high water levels".Taking Kompong Luong Station and discharge controlling Prek Kdam Station of Tonle Sap Lake as represent stations,the responding correlations between water level-area(volume)relation and measured water levels are set up.The results show that the area and volume relation of Tonle Sap Lake forms a nonlinear one-to-one correspondence relationship with the water level of Kompong Luong station,but it forms a loop-like curve with the water level of Prek Kdam Station.One side of the loop-like curve is corresponding to the backflowing of Mekong River into Tonle Sap Lake in flood season,and the other side is corresponding to Tonle Sap Lake water outflowing to Mekong River after the flood season.On the basis of river-lake relationship,the correlation between measured water level of Prek Kdam Station and the area(volume)of Tonle Sap Lake under different periods and river-lake water level differences is constructed.The refined calculation results of water level-area(volume)of Tonle Sap Lake can provide scientific and technological support for the accurate prediction of flood control and drought resistance.