土壤耕作深度对烤烟生长及产质量的影响

Effects of Soil Tillage Depth on Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

为黔西南烟区生产上土壤耕作深度的选择提供科学依据,采用大田试验方法研究土壤不同耕作深度对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状及化学成分含量的影响。结果表明:土壤深耕可改善烤烟的生长发育状况和经济性状,耕深25cm烤烟的农艺性状最佳;耕深20cm和耕深25cm烤烟的株高较常规耕深15cm分别增高4.86%和17.67%,茎围分别增大8.33%和22.22%,叶长分别增长5.20%和12.88%,叶面积分别增大3.82%和38.21%,产量分别提高20.08%和15.88%,产值分别提高22.91%和21.81%,上中等烟比例分别提高5.31%和7.31%;土壤深耕可提高烟叶的钾含量,总氮含量随着耕深的增大而提高;耕深25cm烟叶的氯含量较常规耕深15cm降低28.57%,糖碱比减小10.84%,使其化学成分组成更趋合理。黔西南烟区土壤耕深25cm并与其他农艺措施配合,对烤烟产质量的提升效果最好。

The effects of different soil tillage depth on agronomic traits,economic characters and chemical component content of flue-cured tobacco are studied by a field test to provide the scientific basis for determination of soil tillage depth in tobacco production in Southwest Guizhou tobacco-growing areas.Result:Soil deep tillage can improve growth and development status and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco.The agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco cultivating with 25 cm soil tillage depth are the best.The plant height,stem girth,leaf length,leaf area,yield,output value and proportion of mediumsuperior tobacco of flue-cured tobacco cultivating with 20 cm and 25 cm soil tillage depth increase by4.86%and 17.67%,8.33%and 22.22%,5.20%and 12.88%,3.82%and 38.21%,20.08%and15.88%,22.91%and 21.81%,and 5.31%and 7.31%compared with those of flue-cured tobacco cultivating with 15 cm conventional soil tillage depth.Soil deep tillage can increase K content in tobacco leaves and total N content increases with increase of soil tillage depth.Cl content and sugar-nicotine ratio in tobacco leaves cultivating with 25 cm soil tillage depth decrease by 28.57%and 10.84%compared with15 cm conventional soil tillage depth,which makes the chemical composition of tobacco leaves to be more reasonable.25 cm soil tillage depth combined with other agronomic measures have the best promoting effect on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Southwest Guizhou tobacco-growing areas.