贵州稻米滴滴涕及六六六暴露水平与风险评估

Exposure Levels and Risk Assessment of DDTs and HCHs in Rice from Guizhou

为区域生态环境评价和食品安全提供科学数据,采用田间抽样检测方法,对贵州9个地区(贵阳市、毕节市、六盘水市、遵义市、铜仁市、安顺市、黔南州、黔西南州、黔东南州)稻米中滴滴涕(DDTs)和六六六(HCHs)的残留水平及其健康风险进行分析与评价。结果表明:HCHs和DDTs中,α-HCH和p,p'-DDE的检出率最高,分别为75.6%和77.8%;∑HCHs和∑DDTs的检出率均为100%;γ-HCH和p,p'-DDT在黔南州稻米中的平均残留量均为最高,分别为0.042ng/g和0.786ng/g;o,p'-DDT在6个地区(黔西南州、铜仁市、安顺市、黔东南州、毕节市和贵阳市)稻米中,均低于检测限;所有地区稻米中∑HCHs和∑DDTs的残留量均低于国家标准规定的最大残留限量值;残留HCHs和DDTs中以δ-HCH和p,p'-DDT为主,分别占总量的70.4%和57.6%;贵州偏酸性土壤是导致DDTs降解缓慢的原因之一;DDTs和HCHs的致癌风险值与非致癌风险值均低于安全阈值;不同年龄与性别人群的日均暴露量中,∑HCHs显著低于0.005mg/kg bw,∑DDTs低于0.01mg/kg bw,均符合国家标准。

To provide scientific data for the evaluation of regional ecological environment and food safety,DDTs and HCHs residues and their health risks in rice in nine areas of Guizhou Province(Guiyang,Bijie,Liupanshui,Zunyi,Tongren,Anshun,Qiannan,Qianxian and Qiandongnan)were studied by using field sampling method.The results showed that the detection frequencies ofα-HCH and p,p’-DDE were the highest with 75.6%and 77.8%for HCHs and DDTs,respectively.Both the detection frequencies of∑HCHs and∑DDTs were 100%.The average residue levels ofγ-HCH and p,p’-DDT in Qiannan rice were the highest with 0.042 ng·g^-1 and 0.786 ng·g^-1,respectively.o,p’-DDT is below the detection limit in all 6 regions(Qianxinan,Tongren,Anshun,Qiandongnan,Bijie and Guiyang).In all areas,the residual levels of∑HCHs and∑DDTs in rice were lower than the maximum residue limits set by Chinese national standards.Among the residual HCHs and DDTs,δ-HCH and p,p’-DDT were dominant,accounted for 70.4%and 57.6%of the totals,respectively.acidic soil in the regions is one of the reasons for the slow degradation of DDTs.The carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk values of DDTs and HCHs were lower than the safety threshold;∑HCHs in average daily intakes of different ages and genders was significantly lower than 0.005 mg·kg^-1 bw and∑DDTs were lower than 0.01 mg·kg^-1 bw,with all were lower than the Chinese national standards.