跨国主义

Transnationalism:A Keyword in Critical Theory

跨国主义既是一种社会现象,又是有关这一现象的理念和立场。跨国主义社会现象指的是由跨国实践参与者建立起来的把不同民族国家边界之内的人们联系在一起的多重社会网络,特别是全球化语境和当代技术条件下人员、资本、技术、思想跨越民族国家边界及其控制的流动。作为理念和立场的跨国主义是1990年代以来席卷人文社会学科的一个核心学术议题,它把当代跨国社会现象概念化,强调放弃民族主义的分析框架,在全球场域内考察人们的社会实践。跨国主义文学研究起源于美国研究的跨国转向:它弃置文学史的民族主义叙事,把作家和作品置于跨国、跨地域的网络之中,关注其跨国想象,揭示文学中的跨国互动。

Transnationalism is both a social phenomenon and the ideation of and political position on that phenomenon.As a social phenomenon,it refers to the multiple social ties that link together people across national borders through practices of transnational individuals and nongovernmental agencies,particularly flows of people,capital,technology and ideas that,thanks to globalization and advances in contemporary technology,span national borders in spite of border controlling efforts of nation-states.As an ideation and political position,transnationalism refers to the conceptualization of transnational social phenomenon since the 1990s,which has become in humanities and social sciences a key scholarly agenda that rejects nationalism as an analytical framework for investigations of social practices.Transnational literary studies,which originated in the transnational turn of American studies,seeks to highlight transnational imaginaries of writers and their works as well as multi-layered transnational interactions in literary representation by complicating nationalist narratives of literary history and by framing writers and their works in translocal/transnational social ties.