论风马旗四兽与基督教四活物象征意义的关系

On the Symbolic Significance of the Four Animals of rLung rta and the Four Lives in Christianity

《慕尼黑圣诗集》是一部13世纪欧洲的手稿,以文字和绘画的形式记录了《圣经》中诸多重要场景,其艺术风格呈现出晚期罗马式和早期哥特式之间过渡时期的特点。其中,有一副图的中央是基督,四个角分别为象征四福音的四活物。文章根据苯教文献《黑头矮人的起源》中记载的有关神话,将此幅图中基督教四活物与风马旗四兽从构图、象征意义等方面进行了比较,并论述了他们之间的关系,提出包括象雄研究在内的藏学研究的视野,不应局限在藏区范围内,而应开扩到更广大区域的观点。

Munich Psalms is a manuscript in Europe in the 13th century.It records the most important scenes in the Bible in both written and hand-painted forms.Its style is characterized by the transitional period between late Roman and early Gothic.There is a picture of Christ in glory.The center of the picture is Christ,and the four corners are the four living things that symbolize the four apostles.This paper compares the four living creatures of Christianity with the four beasts of rLung rta from the aspects of composition and symbolic meaning,and further explores the cultural communication between East and West and its channels.