清代军功奖励制度探析

The Military Reward System in the Early and Middle Qing Dynasty

清代军功奖励制度继往开来,既吸收前朝合理之处,同时又具有自身独特之满洲特性。军功奖励内容条目繁多,受赏人员广泛,通贯全朝。文章结合档案、文献资料,着重对军功授爵、抬旗以及冠服奖赏等对受赏者影响较大的奖赏条目进行分析,旨在证明清代军功奖励之成效与国力之盛衰息息相关。清前中期,军功奖励制度随战争之发展而不断完善,成为这一时期八旗军队战斗力强盛不衰的重要保障。

The system of military rewards in the Qing Dynasty absorbed the advantages of the practices in the previous dynasties and also had its own unique Manchurian characteristics.The reward items were various and the recipients were extensive throughout the whole Dynasty.Supported by the archives and documents,this paper focused on the reward contents which had great influence on the meritorious recipients,such as the conferment of the knighthood,flag-bearing and crowning,in the hope of proving that the effects of military meritorious awards were closely related to the rise and fall of a nation.In the early and middle of the Dynasty,the system was constantly improved with the development of the war.A series of mature military reward system ensured that the Eight-Banner troops could quickly unify the central plains and became the source of the strong and enduring fighting force in the early and middle Qing Dynasty.