卧龙国家级自然保护区兰科植物多样性及保护研究

Diversity and Conservation of Orchidaceae Plants in Wolong National Nature Reserve

通过野外调查、标本整理、社区访问以及查阅文献等方法,对四川卧龙国家级自然保护区兰科植物多样性及保护进行了初步研究。结果表明:保护区共有兰科植物32属74种,其中密花兜被兰(Neottianthe calcicola)、囊唇山兰(Oreorchis foliosa)、少花山兰(Oreorchis oligantha)、弧距虾脊兰(Calanthe arcuata)、斑叶杓兰(Cypripedium margaritaceum)、小花杓兰(Cypripedium micranthum)等6种为新记录种;辖区兰科植物生活型以地生兰(90.5%)为主,腐生兰(6.7%)和附生兰(2.8%)较少;属的地理成分可划分为10类型和2变型,以温带分布型为主(60%),其中以北温带分布占绝对优势(23%),占温带成分总属的44%;辖区兰科植物的主要威胁因素有放牧、采集、旅游和基础设施建设等;西南手参、手参、天麻等药用植物种类及建兰、春兰、蕙兰等观赏植物种类受到的影响最大;此外,针对辖区兰科植物保护现状,提出了相应的对策和建议。

Based on field investigation,specimen collection,community interview and literature review,the diversity and conservation of Orchidaceae plants in Wolong Nature Reserve were studied.The results showed that there were 74 species belonging to 32 genera of Orchidaceae Plants in the reserve,of which 6 species were newly recorded,including Neottianthe calcicola,Oreorchis foliosa,Oreorchis oligantha,Calanthe arcuata,Cypripedium margaritaceum,and Cypripedium micranthum.According to the life-form,terrestrial orchids were dominant with 90.5%,saprophytic orchid(6.7%)and epiphytic orchid(2.8%)were less.The geographical composition of genera were divided into 10 types and 2 variants,with dominant distributed in temperate zone(60%),of which North Temperate were dominant with 23%,accounting for 44%of the total genus of temperate components.The main threaten factors of Orchidaceae included grazing,gathering,tourism,infrastructure construction,etc.The species of medicinal plants such as Gymnadenia orchidis,Gymnadenia conopsea and gastrodia elata and ornamental plants such as Cybidium ensifolium,Cymbidium goeringii and Cymbidium faberi were most affected.In addition,corresponding countermeasures and suggestions were put forward according to the conservation status of Orchidaceae in the reserve.