基于GIS和Fragstats的青神县城区绿地景观格局研究

GIS and Fragstats-based Study on Landscape Pattern of Green Space in Qingshen County

分析青神县绿地系统景观格局特征和存在问题,为青神县创建国家森林城市提供理论依据和参考。以2018年遥感影像和青神县主城区绿地系统图为基础,通过对遥感数据进行融合、图像增强等处理,采用面向对象法提绿地信息。并结合现场调查,对绿地类型进行了科学分类,并基于Fragstats景观处理软件定量分析了青神县中心城区绿地系统的景观结构及景观格局。结果:(1)青神县绿地系统中面积最大的是区域绿地(其他绿地),占全部绿地的35.08%。公园绿地面积较小,所占比例不大(19.10%)。(2)青神县总体景观形状较为规则和简单,有利于青神县城市景观的规划利用和管理。(3)区域内景观整体连通性较好,人为干扰或自然破坏较小,但各景观类型之间的连通性和空间上的聚集度均不强。绿地景观之间的连通性和聚集度不强,影响生物多样性的保护及自然生态过程。青神县在创建国家森林城市过程中,应控制人工景观占比,增加城市绿地,尤其要增加公园绿地的面积并合理均匀布局,并增加通道绿化,将城市中逐渐岛屿状化的大型生物栖息地有机联系起来,构筑连续的生态绿地网络,保护动物在城市内部的迁徙通道,增加景观的连续性。

The landscape pattern characteristics and existing problems of green space system in Qingshen county were analyzed to provide theoretical basis and reference for the establishment of a national forest city in Qingshen county.Based on the 2018 remote sensing image and the green space system map of Qingshen county’s main urban area,the object-oriented method was used to extract green space information by the remote sensing data fusion,image enhancement and other processing.Combined with the field investigation,the green space types were scientifically classified,and the landscape structure and landscape pattern of the green space system in the central urban areas of Qingshen county were quantitatively analyzed based on the Fragstats landscape processing software.The results showed that:(1)the largest area of green space system in Qingshen county was the regional green space(other green space),accounting for 35.08%of the total green space.The green area of the park was small,accounting for a small proportion(19.10%).(2)The overall landscape shape of Qingshen county was relatively regular and simple,which was conducive to the planning,utilization and management of urban landscape of Qingshen county.(3)The overall connectivity of the landscape in the region was good,with little human interference or natural damage,but the connectivity and spatial aggregation of the landscape types were not strong.The connectivity and aggregation of green landscapes were not strong,which affected the biodiversity protection and natural ecological processes.In the process of building a national forest city,Qingshen county should control the proportion of artificial landscape,increase the urban green space,especially increase the area of park green space and reasonable and uniform layout,and increase the channel greening,organically link the island like large biological habitats in the city,build a continuous ecological green space networks,protect the migration channels of animals within the city,and increase the continuity of the landscape.