γ-射线辐照对慈竹纤维理化性质的影响

Effect of γ-ray Irradiation on Physical and Chemical Properties of Bamboo Fibers(Neosinocalamus affinis)

竹天然纤维是安全无毒的绿色资源,但其利用途径有一定制约。本实验采用60Co-γ射线辐照竹纤维,定向改变其结构和理化性质,以期提高其利用价值,拓宽它的应用范围。通过红外光谱技术详细分析了慈竹纤维经不同辐照剂量处理下官能团的改变,研究了其水合性(平均吸水率、结合水力、持水力)、膨胀力以及重金属离子吸附性能的变化。结果表明,辐照处理没有改变慈竹纤维的特征峰型、位置及峰的数量,只使其部分特征吸收峰强度发生改变,但辐照改性后,慈竹纤维的水合性、膨胀力和重金属离子吸附性均有增加,均在辐照剂量为5 kGy时达到最大值:平均吸水率达到689%,持水性达7.49(g·g^-1),结合水力达到6.84(g·g^-1);膨胀力为4.03(ml·g^-1);水中Ni^2+去除率最高值为41.0%,而Cu2+去除率高达81.8%。这说明60Co-γ射线辐照改性可提高天然慈竹纤维的一些理化性能,而当辐照剂量持续增加达到10 kGy,其水合性、膨润力和重金属离子吸附性都会有所下降。

Bamboo natural fiber is a safe and non-toxic green resource,but its utilizaiton is restricted to some extent.In this experiment,60Co-γrays was used to irradiate bamboo fiber to directionally change its structure and physical and chemical properties,so asa to improve its utilization value and broaden its application range.Infrared spectroscopy technology was used to analyze the functional group changes of Neosinocalamus affinis bamboo fiber treated with different irradiation doses.The changes of hydration(average water absorption,binding water capacity,water holding capacity),expansion force,and heavy metal ion adsorption performance were studied.The results showed that irradiation treatment did not change the characteristic peak type,position and number of peaks of bamboo fibers,but only changed intensity of some characteristic absorption peaks.However,after irradiation modification,the hydration,expansion force and heavy metal ions adsorption of bamboo fibers all increased,reaching the maximum vaule when the irradiation dose was 5 kGy:the average water absorption rate reached 689%,the water holding capacity reached 7.49(g·g^−1),and the combined hydraulic force reached 6.84(g·g^−1);4.03(mL·g^−1);the highest Ni2+removal rate in water was 41.0%,while the Cu^2+ removal rate was as high as 81.8%.This indicated that 60Co-γ-ray irradiation could improve some physical and chemical properties of natural bamboo fiber.When the irradiation dose continued to increase to 10 kGy,its hydration,expansion force and heavy metal ion adsorption would decrease.