苏州市城乡老年高血压病人自我感知老化水平及影响因素研究

Self-perception of aging and related influencing factors in elderly patients with hypertension in urban or rural areas of Suzhou

目的探讨苏州城乡地区老年高血压病人自我感知老化情况及其影响因素,为提高老年高血压病人的老化认知水平、治疗信念提供依据。方法采用方便取样法选取苏州城乡老年高血压病人1129例,运用一般情况调查表和老化感知问卷(APQ)进行自我感知老化测评。采用单因素分析和多元线性回归分析城乡自我感知老化的影响因素。结果城镇组APQ得分低于农村组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,城镇老年高血压病人APQ总分与高血压病程(β=0.498,P=0.018)、高血压分级(β=10.880,P=0.008)有关;农村老年高血压病人APQ总分与年龄(β=7.846,P=0.002)、文化程度(β=-25.958,P=0.003)、高血压分级(β=-12.526,P=0.039)、合并慢性病数量(β=-12.981,P=0.001)、锻炼(β=14.658,P<0.001)、高盐饮食(β=-13.377,P<0.001)、吸烟(β=-10.531,P=0.001)、睡眠(β=8.570,P=0.003)有关。结论苏州城镇老年高血压病人自我感知老化较农村病人好。根据城乡病人自我感知老化的不同影响因素,应有针对性地开展干预,使其以良好的心态接受老化过程,促进高血压病人在老年期的自我成长。

Objective To survey the self-perception and related influencing factors in the elderly patients with hypertension in urban or rural areas in Suzhou,and to provide evidence for improving the self-perception level of aging and treatment faith in the elderly hypertensive patients.Methods The convenient sampling method was used to obtain 1129 elderly cases of hypertension,and the self-perception of aging was assessed with the General Information Questionnaire and the Aging Perception Questionnaire(APQ).The univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors for the self-perceptions of aging in urban and rural residents.Results The APQ scores in urban group were significantly lower than those in rural group.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the total score of self-perceived aging of elderly hypertensive patients in urban areas was related to the course of hypertension(β=0.498,P=0.018)and the grade of hypertension(β=10.880,P=0.008).Total score of self-perceived aging in elderly rural hypertensive patients was related to age(β=7.846,P=0.002),education level(β=-25.958,P=0.003),hypertension grade(β=-12.526,P=0.039),number of chronic diseases(β=-12.981,P=0.001),exercise(β=-14.658,P<0.001),high-salt diet(β=-13.377,P<0.001),smoking(β=-10.531,P=0.001)and sleep(β=8.570,P=0.003).Conclusions In Suzhou,the self-perception of aging among elderly patients with hypertension in urban areas is better than that in rural areas.Purposeful interventions should be carried out according to different influencing factors for the self-perceptions of aging among elderly patients with hypertension in urban or rural areas in order to make the patients have a good attitude to accept the aging process and improve self-growth during geriatric period.