中国出口逆势增长的内部制度安排探究:贸易便利化视角

Research on the Internal System Arrangement of China’s Export Against the Trend: From the Perspective of Trade Facilitation

作为贸易流程中降低交易费用的一种重要制度安排,贸易便利化对一国出口贸易具有重要影响。面对持续恶化的外部环境,探寻新时代出口贸易逆势增长的内部机制势在必行。基于2001-2016年的省际面板数据研究贸易便利化对降低交易费用的影响,发现贸易便利化具有显著的出口增长效应,其中营商环境质量改善对出口增长影响最大,且该结论在一系列稳健性检验之后依然成立;贸易便利化对出口增长的促进作用主要通过规模扩张效应、出口集聚效应和成本递减效应等机制发挥作用。研究还发现:随着地理位置向内陆延伸,贸易便利化对出口增长的促进作用亦随之增大;随着产品技术水平的提高,贸易便利化的出口增长效应也随之增大,其中交通基础设施、口岸通关效率和政府规制效率对中技术产品出口增长作用最大,市场营商环境对高技术产品出口增长作用最大。因此,优化出口流程中的制度安排,提高出口便利化水平,是新时代出口逆势增长的重要内部驱动力。

Trade facilitation,as an important institutional arrangement for reducing transaction costs in the trade process,has an important impact on a country’s export trade. Upon the continuously deteriorating external environment,it is imperative to explore the internal mechanism of export trade growth in the new era.On the basis of inter-provincial panel data from 2001 to 2016,this paper studies the impact of trade facilitation on reducing transaction costs. It is found that trade facilitation has a significant export growth effect,among which the improvement of the business environment quality works best,and this conclusion is still true after a series of robustness tests;trade facilitation promotes export growth mainly through mechanisms such as scale effect,agglomeration effect and cost effect. It is also concluded that as the geographical location extends to inland,the role of trade facilitation in export growth also increases. So does the export growth effect of trade facilitation with the improvement of product technology level. Transportation infrastructure,port clearance efficiency and government regulatory efficiency have the largest effect on export growth of mediumtech products,while the market business environment has the most significant effect on export growth of high-tech products. Therefore,optimizing institutional arrangements in the export process and improving the level of export facilitation are important internal driving forces for export still growth in the new era.