旅游者幸福感研究述评:基于扎根理论研究方法

A Review of Studies on Tourists’ Well-being:Based on Grounded Theory Research Method

在旅游业成为五大幸福产业之首的时代背景下,旅游与人类幸福之间的关系愈加受到重视,在旅游研究中显得尤为重要,对于旅游者幸福感研究的集成梳理具有迫切性。文章以52篇中英文文献为研究对象,通过扎根理论研究方法,以全局性视角对当前旅游者幸福感的研究内容进行框架梳理与重构。研究发现:(1)当前研究围绕"旅游者幸福感的研究内容"这一核心类属,存在幸福渴望、幸福触发、幸福抑制、幸福呈现、幸福干预、幸福延展和幸福认知7大主类属,其下细分为47个次类属。(2)研究脉络存在时间脉络、层次脉络、范围脉络和故事脉络4种。(3)当前关于旅游者幸福感的研究存在积极与消极、整体与局部、主观与客观等悖论。(4)旅游者幸福感的相关研究内容显示,旅游者幸福感异质化特点突出,互动因素产生重要影响,并依据时间效果产生瞬时幸福、长期幸福和后发幸福3种状态。

Under the background of the tourism industry becoming the first of the five well-being industries, more and more attention has been paid on the relationship between tourism and human wellbeing. This is especially important in tourism research. There are lots of studies on the tourists’ wellbeing, but most of them are from a single perspective, with no theoretical construction of the overall perspective. Therefore, it is urgent to integrate the studies of tourists’ well-being. This study analyses52 Chinese and English references through the grounded theory research method, sorting out and reconstructing the current research framework of tourists’ well-being from a global perspective. It integrates the scattered existing research into the same theoretical framework, which is helpful for follow-up studies to grasp the overall situation of tourists’ well-being research, clarify the current trend of the research, clarify the relationship between the concepts related to tourists’ happiness and explore more valuable entry points. This study is of great significance to promote the theoretical development of tourists’ well-being.This research found the following:(1) The current research focused on the core category of research contents of tourists’ well-being.There are 7 main categories: well-being desire, well-being trigger, well-being hindrance, well-being appearance, well-being intervention, well-being extension, well-being perception, as well as 45 minor categories as subdivision.(2) There are four kinds of context covered in this research including time, hierarchical, range and story context. The time context includes pre-tour well-being imagination, well-being experiences during traveling, well-being memories after traveling and late well-being extension. The hierarchical context includes the body, mood and spirituality. The range context includes the macro level, sub-group orientation at the meso level and individual orientation at the micro level. The story context includes trigger, hindrance, conflict, action, result, and presenting emotions and cognition in the process.(3) There are some paradoxes in the current research on tourists’ happiness, such as positive and negative paradoxes, overall and partial paradoxes, as well as subjective and objective paradoxes.(4) Relevant studies on tourists’ well-being shows that the heterogeneity of tourists’ well-being is prominent, influenced by the difference of subject and object factors. The interaction factor also highly influences tourists’ well-being. The well-being of tourists has three states: instantaneous well-being,long-term well-being and late well-being according to the time effect.