防卫限度的认定

Study on the Affirmation of Defense Limit

防卫限度是正当防卫与防卫过当的界限,是合法运用权利与非法滥用权利的标尺。我国现行《刑法》第20条第2款“明显超过必要限度造成重大损害”为防卫限度的认定提供了规范依据。“明显超过必要限度”作为行为限度,“造成重大损害”作为结果限度,二者共同构筑了防卫限度的成立条件。认定防卫限度的行为要素时应采取“必需说”的立场,从一般人的角度出发,考虑防卫人当时的紧张情形,认定防卫限度的结果要素时,应基于客观立场将其限定为重伤或相当于重伤以上的标准。

The limit of defense is the boundary between justifiable defense and excessive defense,and it is the yardstick of legal use of rights and illegal abuse of rights.The second paragraph of article 20 of China s current criminal law“causing significant damage beyond the necessary limit”provides a normative basis for the determination of the defense limit.“Obviously exceeding the necessary limit”is the behavior limit and“causing significant damage”is the result limit.Both of them jointly construct the conditions for the establishment of the defense limit.When determining the behavioral elements of the defense limit,one should adopt the position of“necessity”.From the perspective of the general public,one should consider the tense situation of the defender at that time.When determining the result elements of the defense limit,one should limit it to the standard of serious injury or more-than-serious injury based on the objective position.