要“正确”抑或要“真实”?——论曹禺开明本《雷雨》修改的得失

On the Gains and Losses of Revision of the Kaiming Version Thunderstorm

《雷雨》1934年问世后曹禺对它修改了五次,造成了六个不同的版本,其中改动幅度最大的是1951年的开明本。相对于初版本而言,开明本总的变化倾向是要“正确”不要“真实”。作者用阶级观点改造了周朴园和周萍,重塑了鲁大海这个唯一的工人形象。这次修改导致了剧本剧情过于突出阶级矛盾和社会冲突,主题变得明晰化和政治化,人物变得简单化和类型化,诗剧风格被放逐,语言风格走向大众化和粗鄙化。这一次失败的改写为以后的文学发展留下了重要启示。

Since Thunderstorm was published in 1934,Cao Yu had modified it five times,which caused it six different versions.The biggest change among them is the Kaiming version in 1951.The general transition trend of versions from creation to the 1951 version is pursuing correctness not truth.The author transformed Zhou Puyuan and Zhou Ping with class viewpoint,and reconstructed Lu Dahai,who is the only worker.This modification resulted in the plot highlighting the class contradictions and social conflicts,the theme became more clarified and politicized,the characters became simplified and categorized.The poetic drama style was banished,language styles became popular and coarse.The undesirable rewriting has left an important inspiration for the future development of literature.