制度创新与科技创新:行政审批制度改革的双边效应分析

Institutional Innovation and Scientific and Technological Innovation:An Analysis of the Bilateral Effects of Administrative Examination and Approval System Reform

基于手工收集整理的地级市行政审批中心成立时间数据和能够反映创新质量的城市创新指数数据,采用双边随机边界模型从创新激励效应和生存挤压效应两个视角分析行政审批制度改革对我国城市科技创新的影响。研究结果表明:创新激励效应使城市实际科技创新水平高出基准水平约25.34%,生存挤压效应使城市实际科技创新水平低于基准水平约25.07%,最终行政审批制度改革对我国城市科技创新水平的综合效应为正,使得实际科技创新水平高于基准水平约0.26%,并且上述效应呈现出显著的时空异质性;城市创新环境在此过程中发挥了十分重要的调节作用,行政审批制度改革影响我国城市科技创新的净效应在创新环境较好的地区更大。因此,地方政府应着力改善城市创新环境,激发企业的创新活力。

Based on the hand-collected data of the establishment time of prefecture-level municipal administrative approval centers and the urban innovation index data which can reflect the quality of innovation,this paper uses the two-tier stochastic frontier analysis(SFA)model to analyze the impact of administrative approval system reform on China’s urban scientific and technological innovation from the two perspectives of innovation incentive effect and survival squeeze effect.The results show that:The innovation incentive effect can make the actual level of urban scientific and technological innovation higher than the benchmark level by about 25.34%,while the survival squeeze effect can make the actual level of urban scientific and technological innovation lower than the benchmark level by about 25.07%.The final reform of the administrative approval system reform has a positive combined effect on the level of China's urban scientific and technological innovation,which makes the actual level of scientific and technological innovation higher than the benchmark level by about 0.26%,and the above effects show significant spatial-temporal heterogeneity.Urban innovation environment plays a very important role of regulation in the process.The net effect of administrative approval system reform on urban scientific and technological innovation in China is greater in areas with better innovation environment.Therefore,local governments should focus on the improvement of the urban innovation environment and stimulate the innovative vitality of the enterprises.