食用油加工过程中3-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯生成及脱除研究

Generation and removal of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol fatty acid esters and glycidyl esters in oil processing

研究了12种共计74批次市售食用油中3-氯丙醇酯(3-MCPDE)和缩水甘油酯(GE)污染情况,及脱臭条件对二者生成的影响,以及吸附剂和分子蒸馏对二者脱除的影响。结果发现,12种食用油中3-MCPDE和GE的检出率为100%,其中3-MCPDE含量范围为0.234~12.212mg/kg,GE含量范围为0.196~10.891 mg/kg,米糠油中3-MCPDE和GE含量最高,其次为棕榈液油。脱臭温度对3-MCPDE和GE的影响显著,3-MCPDE和GE大量生成的脱臭温度分别为大于220℃和大于200℃,并且随着脱臭时间的延长3-MCPDE和GE含量增加。GE可以通过活性炭、活性白土、硅胶和凹凸棒土等吸附剂吸附脱除,脱除率可达96%以上。3-MCPDE难以通过吸附剂吸附的方式脱除。分子蒸馏可同时脱除3-MCPDE和GE,蒸馏温度230℃时3-MCPDE和GE脱除率分别达到88%和94%。

The contamination of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol fatty acid esters(3-MCPDE)and glycidyl ester(GE)in 74 batches of 12 kinds of commercially available edible oils was evaluated,and the effect of deodorization conditions on the generation of 3-MCPDE and GE,as well as the effect of adsorbent and molecular distillation on the removal of 3-MCPDE and GE were studied.The results showed that the detection rates of 3-MCPDE and GE in the 12 kinds of oils were 100%,in which the 3-MCPDE content was 0.234-12.212 mg/kg,and the GE content was 0.196-10.891 mg/kg.The highest content of 3-MCPDE and GE was found in rice bran oil,followed by palm olein.Deodorization temperature had a significant effect on 3-MCPDE and GE.The deodorization temperatures for large generation of 3-MCPDE and GE were>220℃and>200℃,respectively.As the deodorization time prolonging,the contents of 3-MCPDE and GE increased.GE could be easily removed by activated carbon,activated clay,silica gel and attapulgite with the removal rate all above 96%.However,3-MCPDE was difficult to be removed by adsorbents.Molecular distillation could simultaneously remove 3-MCPDE and GE,and the removal rates of 3-MCPDE and GE reached 88%and 94%respectively at 230℃.