基层党建引领社区治理的作用机制--以集体行动的逻辑为分析框架

Functional Mechanisms on Leading Community Governance by Grass-roots Party Building --Taking Logics of Collective Action as the Analytical Framework

党建引领社区治理是我国基层社会治理的独特优势,需要在克服社区治理问题的过程中转化为治理效能。集体行动与社区治理在实践上的耦合意味着理论上的适用性,尽管相对剥夺感、公共物品的需求以及社会意义的建构都可以成为集体行动的原动力,但它们不能直接导致集体行动的产生,还需要贯穿始终的社会动员。理性选择理论深入分析了集体行动的困境,认为其出路在于有效的激励与强制,制度主义则认为互信互惠的制度规范才是破解之道,但是良好制度的产生和实施又受制于社会资本的运营。只有执政党有资格、有能力、有意愿在整合社会资源的过程中,推进社会资本的积累和增值,进而推动各项制度的建设和执行。当前,基层党组织以组织力为基础的党建引领社区治理,就是要创新社区动员的内容和方式,在运营社会资本的基础上激发集体行动,制定和执行各项有利于社区发展的制度和措施,推进社区治理体系和治理能力的现代化。

Leading community governance by party building is a unique advantage of grassroots social governance in China, which needs to be transformed into governance efficiency in the process of overcoming community governance problems. The coupling of collective action and community governance in practice means the applicability of theory. Although the sense of relative deprivation, the demand for public goods and the construction of social meaning can all be the driving force of collective action, they still cannot directly lead to the generation of collective action, and social mobilization is needed throughout the whole process. The rational choice theory deeply analyzes the dilemma of collective action, and believes that the way out lies in effective incentives and coercion. Institutionalism believes that institutional norms of mutual trust and mutual benefit are the way out, but the generation and implementation of good institutions are subject to the operation of social capital. In this regard, only the ruling party has the qualification,ability and will to promote the accumulation and appreciation of social capital in the integration of social resources, so as to promote the construction and implementation of various institutions. At present, community-level party organizations lead community governance by party building based on organizational strength, which means innovating the contents and methods of community mobilization, stimulating collective action on the basis of operating social capital, formulating and implementing various institutions and measures conducive to community development, and promoting the modernization of community governance system and governance capacity.