域外政府信任成因研究探析——基于理性与结构的交叉分类视角

The Source of Political Trust in Government:A Literature Review Based on a Typology of Rationality and Structure

政府信任研究是政治学研究的一个重要主题。文章以"理性/结构"的交叉分类框架为基础,梳理既有域外政府信任研究文献,认为现有研究存在治理主义、制度主义、文化主义和社会心理四种研究视角。其中,治理主义和制度主义主要关注公民理性评价政府的影响因素,文化主义和社会心理研究则强调影响公民对政府评价的非理性因素;同时,制度主义和文化主义分析突出结构性约束的因素,而治理主义和社会心理视角则更重视非结构性因素。这种交叉分类框架有助于厘清政府信任成因的不同作用机制并拓展政府信任研究的前沿领域。

Political trust in government is an important topic in political science.Based on the framework of"rationality vs structure",this paper makes a distinction between four approaches which respectively ascribe the source of government trust to governance,institution,culture and social psychology.The first two presume rational citizens who rationally evaluate the government and decide whether they trust the government.The last two presume that the government trust is more often than not the result of irrational attitude of citizens to the government.Meanwhile,the approaches from the institutional and cultural perspectives both focus on structural constraints,while the studies of governance and social psychology pay more attention to non-structural variables.The typology based on the"rationality vs structure"could inspire further studies of the role of structure and explore the new sources of government trust.