一体化应急管理理论研究初探

A Preliminary Study on the Theory of Integrated Emergency Management

我国的应急管理工作正式进入了综合应急管理时代,强调从重视“事后救援”向“防救结合、以防为主”转变。为此,探讨适合中国国情的应急管理体系具有重要意义。本文通过对应急管理机制改革的转型升级,以及公共安全和灾害学的理论基础进行分析,提出了基于灾害风险的应急管理理论,即“防—减—救”一体化应急管理理论。该理论基于灾害风险管理,把服务于防灾、救灾、减灾的业务、知识、模型、数据汇总统一起来,并规约到同一理论框架下,形成对灾害的全面认识。重点对该理论的总体架构、业务体系、知识体系以及数字描述做了详细介绍,以便于服务于新时期应急管理工作。

China’s emergency management has formally entered the era of integrated emergency management,emphasizing the shift from attaching importance to“rescue after the incident”to“prevention and rescue combined and prevention-oriented”.To this end,it is important to explore an emergency management system suitable for China’s national conditions.This paper proposes a disaster risk-based emergency management theory,the“prevention-mitigation-rescue”integrated emergency management theory,through an analysis of the transformational upgrading of emergency management mechanism reform and the theoretical basis of public safety and disaster science.The theory is based on disaster risk management,which unifies operations,knowledge,models and data for disaster prevention,response and reduction,and governs a comprehensive understanding of disasters within the same theoretical framework.Emphasis is placed on the theory's overall structure,business system,body of knowledge,and numerical description in order to serve the new era of emergency management.