间充质干细胞外泌体在糖尿病并发症中的作用

The function of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in complications of diabetes

外泌体是一类由各种细胞分泌的直径40〜100 nm的胞外囊泡,由细胞内复杂的产生机制生成后分泌到胞外,由于其内含蛋白质、脂质和核酸,所以在细胞间的通讯上发挥着巨大作用。近年来,各种细胞来源的外泌体与疾病治疗的相关性研究有了许多进展,特别是间充质干细胞外泌体,拥有强大的免疫调节能力和组织修复能力,因此其在糖尿病并发症的治疗上拥有巨大的潜力。本文将对外泌、体的来源、间充质干细胞和外泌体的生物学特性、组织修复特性及其在糖尿病肾病、糖尿病中枢神经病变、糖尿病血管病变及糖尿病皮肤病变中的治疗潜力作一综述。

Exosomes are a group of extracellular vesicles with a diameter of 40-100 nm secreted by various cells,which are produced by an intracellular complex mechanism and secreted outside the cells.Exosomes play an important role in intercellular communication,because they contain proteins,lipid and nucleic acids inside.Recently,research on various cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of diseases,especially in mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes,showed that exosomes have high ability of immune regulation and tissue repair,and in the treatment of diabetic complications.This review summerized the source of exosomes,the biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes,the characteristics of tissue repair,and the therapeutic potential of exosomes in diabetic nephropathy,diabetic central neuropathy,diabetic angiopathy and diabetic dermopathy.