驯化免疫记忆样功能特征及其调控机制概述

Characterization and regulatory function of trained immunity with memory-like phenotypes

固有免疫和适应性免疫是高等脊椎动物中相对独立又互相协同的两类免疫应答。经典的免疫学理论认为免疫记忆是适应性免疫区别于固有免疫的重要特征之一。然而,近年来发现的"驯化免疫"(trained immunity)现象显示,固有免疫细胞在接受病原体、细胞因子或其他代谢产物刺激后,可以通过表观遗传和代谢重编程等方式改变细胞表型,使其在再次活化时产生更强的非特异性免疫应答。驯化免疫现象的存在一方面使机体受到再次感染时,固有免疫系统可以同样发挥重要的保护作用;另一方面,过度激活的驯化免疫应答则可能导致炎症性疾病的发生发展。该文主要介绍了以卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette-Guérin, BCG)和β-葡聚糖为代表的驯化免疫应答特征及调控机制,并综述了驯化免疫这一新概念在疾病治疗和预防中的最新研究。

Innate and adaptive immunity function independently but synergistically in higher vertebrates. Memory immune response is one of the key features of adaptive immunity that differs from innate immunity. However, a new concept of "trained immunity" has been recently proposed. When innate immune cells are activated by certain pathogens, cytokines or metabolites, they exhibit stronger immune responses during reinfection through epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. Trained immunity is demonstrated to play protective roles against reinfection in the host. However, overactivation in trained immunity might also contribute to the development of some inflammatory diseases. Herein, we intend to introduce the characteristics and regulatory mechanisms of classical BCG(Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) and β-glucan-induced trained immunity. The latest research progresses in trained immunity in the pathogenesis, multiple diseases as well as its potential in the prevention are reviewed.