抗旱基因在小麦抗旱基因工程中的应用进展

Progress on Application of Drought Tolerance Genes in Wheat Drought Tolerance Genetic Engineering

干旱严重影响小麦的生长发育及产量,小麦抗旱育种是保障小麦生产的重要措施,利用基因工程技术提高小麦抗旱性是优于传统育种的有效途径。抗旱基因主要包括调节基因(蛋白激酶、蛋白酶和转录因子基因)和功能基因。目前,已证实的可提高小麦抗旱性的基因主要为转录因子基因CBF/DREB1、MYB、NAC(NAM、ATAF1、ATAF2和CUC2)、HD-Zip和WRKY等和功能基因LEA蛋白基因、甜菜碱合成酶基因和海藻糖合成酶基因等。本文从转录因子基因和功能基因2个方面概述国内外利用基因工程技术提高小麦抗旱性的研究进展,并对目前存在的问题进行分析,以期为小麦抗旱遗传改良及育种提供参考。

Drought seriously affect the growth and yield of wheat.Drought tolerance breeding is an important measure to ensure wheat production.It is an effective way to improve wheat drought tolerance through genetic engineering technology compared with the conventional breeding methods.The drought tolerance genes include functional genes and regulatory genes which encode protein kinase,protease and transcription factors.At present,the genes proved to improve wheat drought tolerance are mainly transcription factor genes encoding CBF/DREB1,MYB,NAC(NAM,ATAF1,ATAF2 and CUC2),HD-Zip and WRKY and functional genes encoding LEA,betaine synthetase and trehalose synthase.This paper comprehensively review the progress on improvement of wheat drought tolerance by genetic engineering of above two classes of gene and analyze some problems in this field at present with the objective to provide reference for drought tolerance genetic improvement and breeding.