气象条件对优质再生稻米形成的影响

Effects of Meteorological Conditions on Formation of High Quality Ratoon Rice

为探明影响再生稻稻米品质的主要气象因子,以甬优4949、新两优223和丰两优香1号为试验材料,于2016-2017年在湖北省洪湖市沙口镇展开大田试验,对比分析2年3个再生稻品种的品质差异及其与头季、再生季各气象因子间的相关性。结果表明,不同品种再生稻稻米品质差异显著。供试品种中,甬优4949的加工、外观及蒸煮品质表现最佳,其整精米率2016年为68.5%,2017年为66.2%,显著高于新两优223和丰两优香1号;其垩白粒率、垩白度和直链淀粉含量最低,2016年分别为2.5%、1.4%和17.4%,2017年分别为2.9%、1.6%和16.5%。丰两优香1号营养品质最佳,其清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白和总蛋白含量最高,并显著高于甬优4949,2年丰两优香1号总蛋白含量分别达9.23g/100g(2016年)和9.16g/100g(2017年)。再生稻稻米品质与气象条件相关性分析结果表明,再生稻加工品质与头季灌浆期日最低温度(Tmin)、日均温度(Tmean)和有效积温(effective accumulated temperature,EAT),及再生季始穗前和灌浆期EAT呈显著正相关。外观、蒸煮食味与营养品质均与头季营养生长期间Tmean和EAT呈显著负相关,与再生季始穗前Tmin,灌浆期间Tmin、日最高温度及Tmean呈显著正相关。再生稻头季营养生长阶段与再生季灌浆期气象条件均能显著影响再生稻稻米品质,温度因子是影响再生稻稻米品质的主要气象因素。

In order to study the main meteorological factors affecting the quality of ratoon rice, a field experiment was carried out in Shakou Town, Honghu City, Hubei Province from 2016 to 2017 with ratoon rice varieties of Yongyou 4949, Xinliangyou 223 and Fengliangyouxiang 1, for comparing and analyzing the difference of rice quality and its correlation with meteorological factors in the main rice and ratoon rice. The results showed that there were significant differences in rice quality among different varieties of ratoon rice. Among the tested varieties, Yongyou 4949 was the best in terms of milling, appearance and cooking quality, and its whole milled rice rate was 68.5% in 2016 and 66.2% in 2017, which was significantly higher than other two varieties. The chalky grain rate, chalkiness degree and amylose content of Yongyou 4949 were the lowest, which were 2.5%, 1.4% and 17.4% in 2016, 2.9%, 1.6% and 16.5% in 2017, respectively. The nutritional quality of Fengliangyouxiang 1 was the best and its contents of albumin, globulin, gluten and total protein were the highest and significantly higher than Yongyou 4949. The total protein content of Fengliangyouxiang 1 reached 9.23 g/100 g in 2016 and 9.16 g/100 g in 2017. The milling quality of ratoon rice was significantly positively correlated with the daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily average temperature(Tmean), effective accumulated temperature(EAT) before the initial heading and during the filling stage of the main rice. The appearance, cooking and nutritional quality were significantly negatively correlated with the Tmean and EAT during the vegetative growth period of the main rice, and significantly positively correlated with the Tmin before the initial heading and the Tmin, maximum daily temperature and Tmean during the filling stage of the ratoon rice. The meteorological conditions of the vegetative growth stage of the main rice and the filling stage of the ratoon rice can significantly affect the quality of the rice, whereas, the temperature is the main meteorological factor affecting the quality of ratoon rice.