纳米复合水凝胶在骨组织工程中的应用

Application of nanocomposite hydrogels in bone tissue engineering

背景:纳米复合水凝胶是具有良好生物相容性和骨传导性能的仿生材料,在骨组织工程中广泛应用。目的:总结纳米颗粒的分类及纳米复合水凝胶在骨组织工程中的应用。方法:应用计算机对CNKI数据库、PubMed数据库、Web of Science数据库2000至2019年发表的文献进行检索,中文检索关键词为"纳米复合材料,骨组织工程,纳米颗粒,水凝胶",英文检索关键词为"Nanocomposites;Bone Tissue Engineering;Nanoparticle;Hydrogels"。根据纳入和排除标准最终纳入69篇文献进行结果分析。结果与结论:①目前常作为纳米填料的纳米颗粒主要有碳基纳米颗粒、金属和金属氧化物纳米颗粒、聚合物纳米颗粒、磷酸钙基纳米颗粒;②纳米颗粒与水凝胶的复合能改善水凝胶的机械性能;③纳米复合水凝胶能促进种子细胞的黏附和成骨分化,从而应用于骨组织工程;④目前,纳米复合水凝胶在骨组织工程中的应用还存在纳米颗粒分散性差、骨组织工程中的血管化能力弱及材料降解速率难以调控等问题。

BACKGROUND:Nanocomposite hydrogels are biomimetic materials with good biocompatibility and bone conductive properties and are widely used in bone tissue engineering.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the classification of nanoparticles and the application of nanocomposite hydrogels in bone tissue engineering.METHODS:The literatures published in the CNKI,PubMed,and Web of science from 2000 to 2019 were searched by computer.The key words were"Nanocomposites;Bone Tissue Engineering;Nanoparticle;Hydrogels".According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,69 articles were included for final analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Nanoparticles currently used as nanofillers mainly include carbon-based nanoparticles,metal and metal oxide nanoparticles,polymer nanoparticles,and calcium phosphate-based nanoparticles.(2)The combination of nanoparticles and hydrogels can improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels.(3)Nanocomposite hydrogels can promote the adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of seed cells and thus be applied to bone tissue engineering.(4)At present,the application of nanocomposite hydrogels in bone tissue engineering still has some problems such as weak dispersion of nanoparticles,low vascularization capacity in bone tissue engineering,and the difficulty in the control of degradation rate.