肌肉损伤与修复的研究进展

Research progress of muscle injury and repair

肌肉是维持人体生命活动的重要物质。它是由肌原纤维相互包裹形成肌束,通过肌膜固定支持并保持一定的形态,继而肌钙蛋白和肌球蛋白控制粗肌丝和细肌丝相互滑动,使肌小节缩短从而控制肌肉的收缩来维持人体的运动。肌肉损伤一般发生于外力作用下的挫伤或间接外力作用下的拉伤,但其他如生物、化学因素也可以导致肌肉损伤。肌肉损伤在一定程度上可以修复。目前,肌肉损伤与修复相关的研究已经向组织的超微结构、分子机制和基因水平拓展,主要致力于研究如何从细胞和基因水平上促进肌肉的再生,以及寻找安全有效的生物替代物来修复受伤的肌肉组织。本综述介绍了中外学者对肌肉结构、功能的认识,重点阐述了肌肉损伤后引发炎症反应,卫星细胞被激活促进肌纤维再生,以及这一系列过程中众多基因调控和蛋白的参与的分子机制,为后续研究提供参考。

Muscle is important to fulfill the life activities of human body.It is formed by the myofibrils wrapped in each other to form a muscle bundle that is supported and maintained in a certain shape by the myofilm fixation,in which troponin and myosin control sliding of the thick myofilaments and thin myofilaments on each other.The sarcobar is shortened to control the contraction of the muscle and maintain the movement of the human body.Muscle injury generally occurs under the external force of the contusion or indirect external force of the action of the pull,but other such as biological,chemical factors can also lead to muscle injury.Muscle damage can be repaired to some extent.At present,the research related to muscle injury and repair has expanded to the ultrastructure,molecular mechanism and gene level of tissue,mainly focusing on how to promote muscle regeneration at the cellular and gene level,and finding safe and effective biological substitutes to repair injured muscle tissue.This review introduces the understanding of muscle structure and function of Chinese and foreign scholars,and focuses on the molecular mechanism of the inflammatory response triggered by muscle injury,the activation of satellite cells to promote the regeneration of muscle fibers,as well as the involvement of many genes and proteins in this series of processes,so as to provide references for future studies.