中日“民艺学”的建构:学术概念与内涵比较

Conception and Connotation:Comparison of Researches on Folk Arts between China and Japan

过去近百年来中国和日本的民艺研究中各自形成并发展出来相关的学术概念与内涵,它们的内容以及研究对象展现出了中国和日本之间的民艺概念和内涵并不一致,但又存在着彼此影响。尤其值得注意的是,此前在民俗学带动下的民间美术研究发展到20世纪80年代末,一批学者从民间美术研究的角度出发提出建立中国民艺学的主张。此后,中国民艺学在作为一门学科在形成过程中产生了大量丰硕的研究成果。来到新世纪以后,中国民艺学受到了来自非物质文化遗产学兴起的推动,对乡村手艺振兴的研究成了迈入新时代以来中国民艺学研究的重要命题。由此概念及内涵的比较可以看到中日两国民艺学的发生及其发展异同,这与各自已有的研究基础与当前推进民艺学发展的目标所呈现出的不同趋向亦息息相关。

By revisiting the modern Chinese and Japanese folk arts research on its conception and connotation in the last one hundred years,this paper analyses its birth,connotation and objects are the major research targets,assuming that they are different but interact on each other.The term of folk arts and crafts(Minjian Meishu)in folklore re⁃search,experts hoped to construe Chinese Minyi based on it during the late 1980s.As an independent subject,Chi⁃nese Minyixue(folk arts)started between folklore and fine arts,and under the care of many scholars and experts many academic fruits occurred.In the early 21st century,Minyixue is promoted by the impact from development of in⁃tangible cultural heritage.Through comparing the birth and history of Chinese Minyixue between with Japanese,the obvious differences are from each others understandings of Minyixue and realize the tendency of folk arts research.