旅游干扰对张家界市大鲵饵料鱼及大鲵种群数量的影响

Influence of Tourism Disturbance on Prey Fish and Population Size of Chinese Giant Salamander(Andrias davidianus)in Zhangjiajie City

为了探究旅游干扰对国家Ⅱ级保护动物--中国大鲵(Andrias davidianus)种群数量及其饵料鱼种类、资源量的影响,对湖南省张家界市重度与轻度旅游干扰下大鲵栖息地的旅游干扰内容、饵料鱼的种类与渔获量、大鲵种群数量进行了同步调查与估算,并比较了旅游重度干扰区在旅游开发前后饵料鱼种类的差异,以及旅游重度与轻度干扰区饵料鱼种类与渔获量的差异。结果表明:在湖南省张家界市的大鲵栖息地共发现饵料鱼类4目10科22属25种;旅游重度干扰区现在饵料鱼的物种数大于旅游开发前,也大于轻度干扰区,但统计上无显著差别;Jaccard系数分析显示重度与轻度干扰区之间饵料鱼物种组成的相似性较小;与轻度干扰区相比,重度干扰区的渔获量较多,但大鲵种群数量较少。以上信息提示,在张家界市目前适度开发和管理模式下,旅游干扰对大鲵饵料鱼资源没有产生明显的负面影响,但重度干扰区可能由于游客活动带来的噪声增加或者洞穴数的减少等其他干扰因素使大鲵种群数量有所下降。

In order to evaluate the influence of the tourism disturbance on the species and the resource of prey fish and population size of Chinese giant salamander(CGS,Andrias davidianus),the intensity of disturbance,the number and catch of the prey fish species,and the population size of the CGS under different intensities of tourism disturbance were investigated and analyzed in Zhangjiajie City,Hunan Province.The present species and catch of the prey fish on the sampling localities under high tourism disturbance have been compared with those historic records before tourism development,as well as those areas under low tourism disturbance.A total of 25 species(belonging to 4 orders,10 families,and 22 genera)of prey fish were found in the sampled habitats of CGS.The number of prey fish in high tourism disturbance areas was greater than those in the areas both before tourism development and under low disturbance(but without statistical significance).According to Jaccard index,the compositional similarities of the prey fish between high and low tourism disturbance areas were generally small.The catch of prey fish in high disturbance areas was also greater than those in low disturbance areas,however,the population size of CGS in high disturbance areas was less than that in the low disturbance areas.Currently,the reasonable and manageable tourism development in Zhangjiajie City had no distinctly negative effect on the prey fish of CGS,but the more intensive disturbance would bring other interferences such as increased noise and decreased dens,thus lowering the population size of CGS.