德国婚姻赠与返还制度研究

Research on Marriage Gift Restitution Regulations in Germany

和婚姻有关的赠与(给予)不仅包括实物,也包括劳动付出,赠与主体可以是配偶双方或其父母。德国立法和司法实践中对不同情况采取不同的解决思路。对于劳务性质的给予,请求权基础上存在合伙说和行为基础丧失说两种观点。对于配偶间赠与或父母赠与,主要采用行为基础丧失原则支持返还请求权。对于非婚伴侣之间的赠与行为,可以类推适用婚内赠与返还制度。伴侣一方作出对财产价值有显著经济意义之重要贡献的,不仅可以主张合伙法上的补偿请求,还可以基于行为基础丧失的返还请求权。德国的相关立法和司法实践对于完善我国民法典立法中有关婚姻赠与返还制度和离婚经济补偿制度有一定的借鉴意义。

Gifts(giving)relating to marriage include not only the physical objects,but also labor or financial contributions.The donors can be spouses or their parents.In the German legislation and judicial practice,various solutions are prepared for the different situations.For the labor service,the claims may be supported according to the partnership law or the theory of the loss of the behavioral basis.For the gifts from spouses or their parental gifts,the theory of loss of behavior is mainly used to support the right of return.For the gift behavior between non-married partners,the regulation towards the marital gift can be applied.For the important contribution to the significant economic value of the property,the parties may claim the compensation request according to the partnership law,or the right to return based on the loss of the behavior.The relevant legislation and judicial practice in Germany have reference value for the legislation in China.