论情势变更情形的合同变更

Modification of Contract in the Change of Circumstances

在合同履行过程中发生情势变更从而须作变更的情形中,中国法规定的形成诉权模式可参照德国法的请求权模式,承认当事人的主导作用,而非纯由法院决定。若将情势变更理解为一种补充性合同解释,则合同解除并无所谓的"二次效力",变更和解除二者位于同一位阶,当事人可以自由选择。具体的变更方法亦须根据个案情形有所区别,参考合同的风险分配和标的物的性质,不宜作简单的损害平摊。变更原则上面向将来产生效力,在例外情形如交易基础自始丧失情形,应承认变更的溯及力。变更权行使期间可以类推解除权行使期间的规定。

When the circumstances have changed during the performance of the contract,the contract should to be modified according to the law.In this case the formation of"Anspruch"prescribed by Chinese civil law can take the model of"Gestaltungsrecht"in German civil law as an example and recognize the leading role of the parties,rather than simply determined by the court.If the change of circumstances can be seen as a supplementary contractual interpretation,the termination of the contract has no"secondary effect".Both modification and termination of the contract can be deemed as the same level solutions,and the parties have the right to choose.The specific method of modification should be handled flexibly on a case-by-case basis.With reference to the risk allocation in the contract and the nature of the subject matter,it is not appropriate to make a simple damage sharing.In principle,the modification takes effect from the time the judgment is made.It has no retroactive effect.In exceptional cases,such as the case where the basis of the transaction is lost from the beginning,the retroactivity of the modification should be recognized.Concerning the period of the exercise of the right to modification,the rules for the period of exercise of the right to termination can be analogy applied.