基于故障树法的PX生产过程易发爆炸事故风险分析

Risk Analysis of Explosion-prone Accidents in PX Production Process Based on FTA Method

随着我国聚酯工业的发展,对二甲苯(PX)具备一定的生产规模。PX生产一旦发生爆炸事件,会造成严重的安全和环境污染问题。研究导致PX生产爆炸的关键因素和其致因机理具有重要的理论和实用价值。本研究运用安全工程领域中实用的故障树(FTA)方法,通过对我国常用的PX生产工艺进行详细分析,辨识PX生产工艺中"歧化、异构化单元"的危险性因素,构建了"歧化、异构化单元爆炸"故障树。结合最小径集以及结构重要度,定性分析各基本事件对顶上事件"歧化、异构化单元爆炸"的贡献和影响程度。另外根据相关分析结果,提出预防PX爆炸事故发生的可行性对策与方法,为PX的安全生产提供一定的参考价值。

The production scale of p-xylene(PX)was high due to the development of polyester industry in China.However,in recent years,several PX explosions happened,causing serious economic losses,safety and environmental problems.It is meaningful to study the key factors leading to PX production explosion.To identify the key risk factors of“the disproportionation and isomerization units”in PX production process,a fault tree system of the“explosion of disproportionation and isomerization units”is established by using fault tree analysis(FTA)method.Based on the minimal path set and structural importance analysis,the contribution of each basic event to the top event“the explosion of disproportionation and isomerization units”are qualitatively analyzed.After the analysis,some feasible countermeasures and methods to prevent the occurrence of PX explosion accidents are proposed,this can provide some useful advisement for the safe production of PX.