Room-temperature synthesis of ZrSnO4 nanoparticles for electron transport layer in efficient planar hetrojunction perovskite solar cells

The interface engineering plays a key role in controlled optoelectronic properties of perovskite photovoltaic devices,and thus the electron transport layer(ETL)material with tailored optoelectronic properties remains a challenge for achieving high photovoltaic performance of planar perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Here,the fine and crystalline zirconium stanate(ZrSnO4)nanoparticles(NPs)was synthesized at low temperature,and its optoelectronic properties are systematically investigated.Benefiting from the favorable electronic structure of ZrSnO4 NPs for applications in ETL,efficient electron transport and extraction with suppre s sed charge recombination are achieved at the interface of perovskite layer.As a result,the optimized ZrSnO4 NPs synthesized at room-temperature deliver the optimized power conversion efficiency up to 16.76%with acceptable stability.This work opens up a new class of ternary metal oxide for the use in ETL of the planar PSCs and should pave the way toward designing new interfacial materials for practical optoelectronic devices.