法律价值何以是与何以不是

What Is Legal Value

什么可以作为法律价值,什么不可以作为法律价值,对此我国法理学界至今没有形成共识。这源于人们对于法律价值概念本身,以及作为法律价值必须满足的条件没有达成共识。法律价值是作为主体的人对作为客体的法律的某种看法和态度,主体与客体是评价与被评价、要求与被要求的关系。法律价值需要同时满足以下条件:是理想的而非现实的;是抽象的而非具体的;必须是"法律的"价值;可以达成共识;不具有规范功能。其中,前两点是价值的共有条件,后三点则是法律价值的独有条件。以此为据可推论,法律价值只能是正义,而不是其他,包括效率。正义作为法律价值,其意义主要体现为正义是人们守法的道德理由、是法律正当性的评价标准,以及对权力构成约束等方面。而效率作为法律价值,不仅在理论上不能证成,而且在实践中可能产生使法律沦为强者的工具、强化重实体轻程序观念、催生司法不公等消极后果。因此,应当把效率还给经济,把正义还给法律。

So far there is no consensus on what can be regarded as legal value and what cannot be regarded as legal value among Chinese jurists. The reason is that people have no consensus on the concept of legal value and conditions that must be met as legal value. Legal value is people’s view and attitude towards law, in which people are the subject while law is the object. The relationship between the subject and the object is that the former evaluates and demands the latter.Legal value must meet following conditions: it is ideal rather than realistic;it is abstract rather than concrete;it is of"legal" value;consensus can be reached on legal value;it does not have specification function. Among them, the first two are common conditions of value, while the last three are specific to legal value. Therefore, it can be inferred that legal value can only be justice, not anything else(including efficiency). As legal value, justice is the moral reason for people to abide by the law, the evaluation standard for the legitimacy of law, and the constraint on power. However, As legal value,efficiency cannot be proved in theory, and in practice may produce negative consequences such as reducing the law to be a tool of the strong, reinforcing the conception of valuing entities over procedures, and breeding judicial injustice.Therefore, efficiency should be returned to economy and justice to law.