环境民事公益诉讼中支持起诉制度的异化与匡正

On Alienation and Rectification of Supporting Prosecution System in Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation

从《民事诉讼法》第15条到《关于审理环境民事公益诉讼案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第11条以及相关文件的散杂规定中可以看出,环境民事公益诉讼中的支持起诉制度仅具备框架性的法律依据,颇显原则与粗疏,这导致该制度在实践中出现了支持起诉人从“多元”到“一元”、从“不派员出庭”到“派员出庭”、从“支持起诉”到“参加诉讼”、从一审“支持起诉”到二审“支持起诉”等异化现象。在环境民事公益诉讼持续推进的大背景下,亟需通过明确支持起诉的“社会参与”原则、“现实必要”原则以及“有限介入”原则,对环境民事公益诉讼中的支持起诉制度进行原则建构,并通过构建一体化“支持诉讼”制度、强化支持起诉人“多元化”与“聚合化”的制度保障、改进支持起诉启动的实体性与程序性规定以及明确界定支持起诉的具体方式等层面对环境民事公益诉讼中的支持起诉制度进行规则完善。

From Article 15 of The Civil Procedure Law to Article 11 of The Interpretation of Several Questions Concerning the Application of Law in Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigation and the scattered provisions of relevant documents,it can be seen that the supporting prosecution system in environmental civil public interest litigation has only a legal basis of framework,and general principles.This has led to the alienation of the system in practice,such as from supporting multiple prosecutors to a single prosecutor,from“not sending people to appear in court”to“sending people to appear in court”,from“supporting prosecution”to“participating in litigation”,from“supporting prosecution”in the first trial to“supporting prosecution”in the second trial.In the context of the continuous promotion of environmental civil public interest litigation,it is urgent to construct principles by clarifying the principles of“social participation”,“realistic necessity”and“limited involvement”.It is also necessary to improve the rules in the supporting prosecution system in environmental civil public interest litigation through building an integrated“supporting litigation”system,strengthening the institutional guarantee to support the“diversification”and“aggregation”of prosecutors,improving the substantive and procedural provisions supporting the initiation of prosecution and clearly defining the ways to support prosecution.