贫困梯度蜕变、梯度呈现与创新贫困治理--基于社会现代化视角的理论探讨与现实解读

Gradient Transformation,Gradient Presentation And Innovative Governance of Poverty——A Theoretical Exploration and Practical Interpretation from the Perspective Of Social Modernization

在我们即将告别绝对贫困并际遇全球新冠肺炎疫情的历史关口,从理论与现实结合的角度探讨贫困现象及贫困治理具有重要理论和现实意义。从传统型农村贫困到现代型城市贫困的梯度蜕变,既展示了贫困基本类型的变化,又凸显了贫困原因的不同;从生存型绝对贫困到发展型相对贫困的梯度蜕变,既表明了有些人面临生存危机和发展障碍,也彰显了保护人民生存权和发展权的重要;群体贫困与个体贫困的梯度呈现,反映了群体贫困成因及影响的社会性;贫困存量与增量的梯度呈现,反映了贫困状况不同与经济社会发展程度密切相关。贫困梯度蜕变及其呈现对创新贫困治理认知的启示是:贫困治理具有系统性,因而需要协同治理;贫困治理具有长期性,因而需要构建长效机制;贫困治理具有艰巨性,因而需要多一些困难准备。贫困梯度蜕变及其呈现对创新贫困治理实践的启示是:我们应在重点治理的基础上推进协同治理,在减少贫困存量的基础上防止贫困增量。

It is of great theoretical and practical significance to discuss the phenomenon of poverty and its governance from the perspective of combining theory and reality at the historical juncture when we are about to say goodbye to absolute poverty and encounter the global COVID-19 epidemic. The gradient change from traditional rural poverty to modern urban poverty not only shows the change of the basic type of poverty, but also highlights the differences in the general causes of poverty;The gradient change from survival absolute poverty to development relative poverty not only shows that some people are facing survival crisis and development obstacles, but also demonstrates the importance of protecting people’s right to subsistence and development.The gradient presentation of group poverty and individual poverty reflects the sociality of the cause and effect of group poverty, and the gradient presentation of poverty stock and increment indicates that the different poverty status is closely related to the degree of economic and social development. The gradient transformation and presentation of poverty have the following implications on the cognition of innovative poverty governance:poverty governance is systematic and needs cooperative governance;poverty governance is long-term, requiring the establishment of long-term mechanisms;and poverty governance is arduous, which needs more preparations to deal with difficulties. The enlightenment to the practice of innovative poverty management is to promote the coordinated governance on the basis of key governance and to prevent the increase of poverty on the basis of reducing the poverty stock.