初谈引黄工程持续补水下桃-阿海子湿地鸟类群落的复苏与变化

A Preliminary Discussion on Restoration and Changes of the Waterbird Community at T–A Nur by Constant Water Supply from the Yellow River

至2019年5月底,桃力庙━阿拉善湾海子(桃━阿海子,全球第1148号国际重要湿地)引黄济湖工程已开展一年,其湿地面积稳定维持在7 km2左右。至11下旬海子水面封冻,期间6个月在桃-阿海子栖居的水鸟总量在各个季节均接近并间或超过2万只。鸟种组成较以往出现一些变化,大、中型涉禽数量增多,有白琵鹭60余只,蓑羽鹤近50只,苍鹭和大白鹭亦为常见鸟。白骨顶成为优势种,在该地大量繁殖,且无论在繁殖期、繁殖期过后、还是迁徙季节,其数量均超过其他鸟类数量之总和。桃━阿海子正由其以往半荒漠咸水湖泊下的水鸟群落向半干旱地带淡水-微咸水湖泊之水鸟群落转化和发展。

Up to the end of May 2019,the watering project,introducing some water from the Yellow river into the T–A Nur(No.1148 Ramsar site)for an additonal water supply,has been undertaken for a whole year,and,as a result,over 7 km2 of wetland habitat being more or less stably maintained in all seasons till late November when water got frozen,and,a total of some 20000 waterbird individuals observed occurring at the site during the time.Whereas,species component in waterbird community at the site varied quite obviously,more waders gathered,besides those herons and egrets,a flock some 50 non–breeders of the Demoiselle Crane together with 2 flocks of over 60 White Spoonbills appeared at the site in whole summer season.Moreover,the Common Coot suddenly became the dominant species to the site,both as a breeders in the breeding season and a resident in other seasons before the winter,and its number exceeded the total number of all other birds.Hence,the T–A Nur bird community,used to be a typical and representative one for a brackish lake in semi–desert,seems more likely to gradually become a somewhat fresh–water bird community.