儿童独立移动能力的建成环境因素述评

A Review of the Built-in Environmental Factors of Foreign Children's Independent Mobile Ability

采用文献资料法与逻辑分析法,在中国知网、BioMed、Central以及Science Direct等中外数据库中搜索有关儿童独立移动能力以及儿童体力活动的相关文献进行综述。目的:为全面了解儿童独立移动能力(Child independent mobility)中建成环境因素对其产生的影响,进而为城市建设能够提升儿童体力活动的适宜环境提供一定参考。研究发现:影响CIM的建成环境因素主要分为“街道设计模式”和“土地利用类型分布”两大类共计13个影响因素,包括:封闭式路口、街道交通量、主干道比例、路口密度、道路密度、街道宽度以及住宅用地百分比、商业用地百分比、居住地类型(城市或乡村)、到达目的地距离、住宅密度、娱乐设施和土地使用组合。其中:封闭式路口,住宅用地百分比、商业用地百分比和住宅位置类型等因素与CIM呈正相关;街道宽度、主干道比例、路口密度,道路密度等与CIM负相关。结论:建成环境能够明显影响儿童独立移动能力,封闭式路口,住宅用地百分比、商业用地百分比和住宅位置类型等因素能够明显促进儿童独立移动能力并以此增强其体力活动水平。城市环境建设中可以参考以上建成环境因素,以便建设能够提升儿童体力活动的适宜环境,从而提升儿童整体健康水平。

Literature and logic analysis were used to search the related literatures on children's independent mobility and children's physical activity in Chinese and foreign databases such as China Knowledge Network,BioMed Central and Science Direct.Objective:To provide a comprehensive reference for the impact of built-in environmental factors on children's independent mobility,and to provide a reference for urban construction to improve the appropriate environment for children's physical activity.The study found that the built-in environmental factors affecting CIM are mainly divided into two major categories:“street design mode”and“land use type distribution”,including:closed intersections,street traffic,main road ratio,intersection density,Road density,street width,percentage of residential land,percentage of commercial land,type of residence(urban or rural),distance to destination,residential density,recreational facilities,and land use combinations.Among them:closed intersections,percentage of residential land,percentage of commercial land and type of residential location are positively correlated with CIM;street width,main road ratio,intersection density,road density,etc.are negatively correlated with CIM.Conclusion:The built environment can significantly affect children's independent mobility.Closed intersections,percentage of residential land,percentage of commercial land and type of residential location can significantly promote children's independent mobility and enhance their physical activity.In the urban environment construction,we can refer to the above built environmental factors in order to build a suitable environment that can enhance children's physical activity,thereby improving the overall health of children.