当代俄罗斯经济思想:知识重构及政策影响

Contemporary Russian Economic Thoughts: Knowledge Reconstruction and Policy Impacts

当代俄罗斯经济思想在破除苏联时期的教条主义后有了极大发展。从1991年苏联解体到1997年金融危机,围绕着经济转轨、克服经济危机、启动增长进程等问题,俄罗斯经济学界开始吸收西方经济思想,试图通过学习和引进西方经济理论尤其是货币主义理论,为解决当时紧迫的经济问题提供理论支持和政策依据。但由于现实经济状况没有得到改善,俄罗斯经济学界对西方经济思想能否解决本国严峻的经济问题产生了怀疑。从1998年至今,俄罗斯经济学界开始注重从本国传统经济思想中寻找智慧源泉,并广泛引进西方各流派的经济思想,试图通过将西方经济思想与本国思想传统结合起来,找到适应本国经济现实的发展之路。至此,俄罗斯经济思想开始呈现出多元发展、相互交织的局面:新制度主义强势兴起,政治经济学悄然回归,传统经济思想复活,货币主义的理论影响力下降。代表各种流派的经济思想相互撞击,纷纷提出振兴俄罗斯经济的政策主张,对政府经济政策的制定和实施都产生了不同程度的影响。倾向于新制度主义的社会市场经济思想获得主流经济学界和政府经济主管部门的认可;但货币主义的影响力依然存在,对财政、货币、产业等诸多领域仍有很强的政策影响力。

Contemporary Russian economic thoughts have developed greatly after breaking away from dogmatism during the Soviet period. From the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 to the financial crisis in 1997, revolving around such issues as economic transition, overcoming economic crisis, and starting the growth process, Russian economics community began to absorb Western economic ideas, trying to find theoretical support and policy bases for solving the then urgent economic problems by studying and introducing Western economic theories, especially monetarism theories. However, as the actual economic situation had not improved, the Russian economics community doubted whether Western economic thoughts could solve Russia’s serious economic problems. From 1998 till now, the Russian economics community has begun to focus on seeking wisdom from its traditional economic thoughts, and has widely introduced economic thoughts from various Western schools. They attempted to find a development path that adapts to Russia’s economic realities by combining Western economic thoughts with its own ideological tradition. So far Russian economic thoughts have begun to be characterized by diversified and intertwined development: new institutionalism has risen vigorously, political economics has quietly returned, traditional economic thoughts have revived, and theoretical influences of monetarism have declined. Economic ideas representing various schools collide with each other. They put forward policy proposals to revitalize Russian economy, which have had impacts to different degrees on the formulation and implementation of Russian government’s economic policies. The social market economy ideas leaning towards new institutionalism are recognized by mainstream economics circles and government economic authorities. Nevertheless, influences of monetarism still exist, and it has strong policy influences in many fields such as finance, currency and industries.