摘要
从俄罗斯内部的联邦主体来看,巴什科尔托斯坦共和国以及鞑靼斯坦共和国,无论在文化、经济,还是在政治地位上,都非常特殊。作为主体民族的巴什基尔人有着悠久的历史和传统,但是与同宗且邻近的鞑靼人之间在认同方面存在分歧和竞争。目前,巴什科尔托斯坦是俄罗斯所有共和国中人口最多的地区,但人口外流,特别是青年人外流问题明显。在内部政治方面,巴什科尔托斯坦共和国形成了以地方首脑为核心的、凝聚力强的精英群体,这有助于该地区社会的长期稳定。在经济上,该共和国主要依托石油开采和石油化工工业,这种格局既成就了巴什科尔托斯坦共和国经济上的辉煌,也造成了发展路径依赖、产业结构单一、转型艰难的后果。2008-2009、2014-2016年的经济危机,暴露了该共和国经济结构上的问题。
From the viewpoint of the federal subject within Russia, the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Republic of Tatarstan are very special in terms of culture, economy and political status. Bashkir, as the main ethnic group, has a long history and tradition, but there exist differences and competition in identity with its neighboring Tatars who share the same clan. At present, Bashkortostan is the most populous region among all the republics of Russia, but the problem of population outflow, especially the outflow of the youth, is quite obvious. In terms of internal politics, in the Republic of Bashkortostan there appears a cohesive elite group with local leaders as the core, which contributes to the long-term stability of the society in this region. Economically, this republic mainly relies on petroleum exploitation and petrochemical industry. On the one hand, this pattern has led to the success of this republic in economy, while on the other hand it has also caused such consequences as development path dependence, single industrial structure and difficult transition. The economic crises of 2008-2009 and 2014-2016 exposed structural problems of this Republic’s economy.
出处
《俄罗斯研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2020年第2期101-123,共23页
Russian Studies
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“跨欧亚伙伴关系背景下的中俄‘两河流域’合作研究”(项目批准号:17BGJ032)的阶段性成果。
