清中后期福建诉讼处理的困境及其成因

The Predicament of Social Governance Affects the Procedure of Fujian Litigation

清代中后期闽吏文集频繁出现"穷而求卸""病而求卸"等官吏抱怨,反映清代中后期福建省基层治理面临的财政危机、官吏调任频繁等治理困境。此基层治理困境不仅影响福建省官民诉讼行为与法律态度,还影响闽讼处理效率与发生频率。如闽吏因为州县财政困境与调任频繁而"怠讼",闽民则抓住闽吏"怠讼"心理而"健讼",最终闽讼处理更为艰难。清代中后期,当清廷与福建地方政府均无力缓解地方的财政与官僚体制运作困境,闽吏的官场责任意识又不够,清代福建省的"积案繁多"自然无法有效改变。

All kinds of complaints about the governance dilemma of Fujian province appeared in the officials’ political letters in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. These words indicated the difficult circumstances of the officials, and the dilemma of the local social governance. The financial crisis in the coastal areas and territorial seas, for example, influenced the efficiency of government operation, and people’s attitudes towards litigation. Inland officials had difficulty in adapting to the coastal environment, ultimately affecting the local litigation process. As a result, the backlog of cases in Fujian province were increasing. In order to change the dilemma of governance, the fiscal and official governance must be improved.