大学生新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情知信行现况及其影响因素

The status of knowledge, attitude and practice about coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic among university students and its influencing factors

目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)流行期间中国大学生的知识、态度及行为现状,为高校开展科学防控及公共卫生精准决策提供理论依据。方法 2020年1月31日―2月5日,选取4所高校共计56 997名大学生为研究对象,采用32条目自编结构化调查问卷对大学生开展线上现况调查。结果共收集到44 456名大学生的调查问卷,应答率为78.0%(44 456/56 997)。94.1%大学生认为COVID-19能通过与无症状感染者接触感染,知晓主要传播途径和临床表现者达76.4%~98.9%,但知晓预后情况者仅占52.9%。53.0%的大学生认为疫情严峻,出现恐慌和焦虑的大学生占28.5%。采取规范洗手、佩戴口罩、减少外出和聚会等防护行为的大学生占86.9%~94.2%。亚组分析结果显示,女性、高年龄组、教育程度高者及城市大学生知识和行为水平较高(均有P<0.05)。结论本次COVID-19疫情期间,大学生认识、态度和行为评分较高,但知识缺口依然存在,部分大学生出现恐慌和焦虑情绪。因此,应针对大学生防疫意识薄弱点进行精准健康宣教。

Objective To understand the knowledge, attitude and practice of Chinese university students during the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), so as to provide a theoretical basis for scientific prevention and control and accurate decision-making of public health in universities. Methods From January 31 to February 5, 2020, a total of 56 997 university students from four universities were selected to participate in the survey. A 32-item structured questionnaire was used to carry out an online survey. Results A total of 44 456 questionnaires were collected and the response rate was 78.0%(44 456/56 997). Among the university students, 94.1% of them believed that COVID-19 could be infected through contact with asymptomatic infected cases, and 76.4%-98.9% of them knew the main mode of transmission and clinical manifestations, but only 52.9% knew the prognosis of COVID-19. And 53.0% of them thought the epidemic was serious, and 28.5% students experienced panic and anxiety. The proportion of university students who adopt protective behaviors such as washing hands, wearing masks, and reducing going out and gathering ranged from 86.9% to 94.2%. Subgroup analysis results showed that the knowledge and practice levels among females, older age groups, those with higher education levels and urban university students were higher(all P<0.05). Conclusions During the epidemic of COVID-19, university students scored highly in knowledge, attitude and practice, but the knowledge gap still existed, and some university students experienced panic and anxiety. Therefore, accurate health education should be carried out according to the weak point of epidemic prevention awareness among university students.