安徽省大学生新型冠状病毒肺炎的认知和防控行为调查

Investigation of cognition and prevention and control behavior of COVID-19 among undergraduates in Anhui Province

目的分析安徽省大学生对于新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)的认知和防控行为,为在校大学生开展健康教育提供科学依据。方法自行设计匿名问卷,利用问卷星,以微信、QQ等转发给特定人或分享至朋友圈的形式开展此次调查。选取安徽省大学生为调查对象,进行现况调查研究,共调查对象3 037名。结果大学生获取疫情信息途径方面,网络社交工具如微信、QQ占98.5%,至少三种途径占65.7%,除报纸、杂志和网络社交工具外,同一疫情传播途径在城市和农村群体间差异均有统计学意义(均有P<0.05);COVID-19相关知识知晓情况方面,8题全部回答正确占14.7%,女生的知晓率高于男生(χ~2=37.384,P<0.001);就诊意向方面,选择到定点医院占63.3%,利用网络发热筛查门诊占25%;防控措施方面,前三依次为不聚会少出门(97.6%)、出门佩戴口罩(92.8%)、不去人多且封闭的场所(90.8%),男女对于部分防控措施选择存在差异(均有P<0.05);行为改变意愿方面,女生部分措施的选择率高于男生(均有P<0.05),不同认知情况与采取的防控措施(r_s=0.146,P<0.05)、行为改变意愿数量(r_s=0.138,P<0.05)之间存在正相关。结论大学生对于COVID-19认知情况掌握不够全面,应采取多种途径加强宣传力度。根据性别特点,开展有针对性的健康教育,提高大学生群体的认知水平,有助于选择适当的防控措施。

Objective To analyze the current situation of knowledge and practice of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) among undergraduates in Anhui Province, so as to provide scientific basis for health education strategies for university students. Methods The questionnaire was designed by questionnaire star, and was adopted to conduct anonymous survey on network platforms such as WeChat, QQ, etc. SPSS 18.0 software was used to collect and analyze the data. Results According to the survey, the students obtained the epidemic information mainly through online social tools such as WeChat and QQ(98.5%), and 65.7% of students obtained information in three or more ways. Except for newspapers, magazines and online social tools,there were significant differences in the same route of transmission among urban and rural groups(all P<0.05). In terms of the knowledge about COVID-19, 14.7% of the students answered all the 8 questions correctly, and the awareness rate of the female students was higher than the males(χ~2=37.384,P<0.001). In terms of treatment intention, 63.3% of the students chose designated hospitals, and 25% chose online fever screening. In terms of COVID-19 prevention and control, the top three measures were: "no gathering and less going out"(97.6%), "wear masks when going out"(92.8%) and "do not go to crowded and closed places"(90.8%), and statistical differences were observed in the choice of prevention and control measures by gender(all P<0.05). Additionally, females had a higher selection rate than males in the willingness to change behavior(all P<0.05). The knowledge was positively correlated with number of protective measures(r_s =0.146, P<0.05)and number of willingness to change behavior(r_s =0.138,P<0.05). Conclusions The undergraduates do not have a comprehensive knowledge of COVID-19, and varieties of methods are suggested to strengthen publicity and education. According to gender characteristics, targeted health education should be carried out, which is more conducive to improving the cognitive level of undergraduates groups and selecting appropriate prevention and control measures.