竞争、斗争与工厂制度:青年恩格斯私有制批判视角的转变

Competition,Struggle and Factory System:Changes in Young Engels’Critical Perspective of Private Ownership

青年恩格斯在《国民经济学批判大纲》中从竞争关系的视角展开了私有制批判理论。由于竞争的视角主要对应于资本与资本之间或劳动与劳动之间的关系,而不直接对应于劳资关系的分析,因而,随着其解读思路从对私有制竞争关系之不道德性的批判,慢慢地转到劳资之间阶级斗争的理论层面,恩格斯把批判的重点逐步转向体现这种阶级斗争的工厂制度层面。在《英国状况:十八世纪》等文本中,恩格斯通过工业革命的视角对工厂制度作出了更为深刻的分析,从而在历史观上具备了向唯物史观发展的更多的思想潜力。

In his Outlines of a Critique of National Economics,young Engels established the critical theory of private ownership from the perspective of competition relationship.Since the perspective of competition mainly corresponds to the relationship between capital and capital or between labor and labor,instead of directly corresponding to the analysis of labor-capital relations,with the changes of his focus of interpretation shifting from the criticism of the immorality of private competition relations to the class struggle between labor and capital at the theoretical level,Engels gradually turned the focus of criticism to the factory system which reflect this type of class struggle.In other writings,such as The Condition of England:The Eighteenth Century,Engels offered a more profound analysis of the factory system from the perspective of industrial revolution,thus had more theoretical potential to evolve towards the outlook of historical materialism.