印度人民党意识形态的适应性演变及其成效分析

The Adaptive Evolution of the Bharatiya Janata Party’s Ideology and Its Effects

印度人民党意识形态的演变历经三个阶段:从树立“五项原则”为意识形态的温和阶段,到将整体人本主义与印度教特性作为指导思想的激进阶段,再到意识形态议题退居次要地位的淡化阶段。印度人民党主动调整意识形态,一方面适应印度教复兴的社会形势,另一方面也适应由以国大党为核心的主导党体制向多党制的转变。印度人民党调整意识形态取得良好的成效,不仅强化了印度教教徒选民的认同,提高了在印度教民族主义“团家族”中的自主性,而且最重要的是印度人民党成功进入印度政党政治的中心,获得全国执政的机会。

The evolution of the BJP’s ideology has gone through three phases:from the establishment of the“Five Principles”as a moderate stage of its ideology,the BJP entered a radical phase in which Integral Humanism and Hindutva became its guiding ideology.It later saw a retreat from ideological issues,which gradually lowered their importance.The BJP was proactive in adjusting its ideology,both to adapt to the revival of Hinduism within society,as well as to adapt to changing politics which saw a shift from a predominant party system led by INC to a multi-party system.The BJP was very effective in adjusting its ideology,both strengthening the sense of belonging among Hindu voters,and increasing their sense of autonomy as members of the Hindu nationalist“Sangh Parivar”.More importantly though,the BJP was able to bring itself to the center of Indian party politics,and gain the opportunity to govern.